China: Stucco relief fragments from Khotan and Karakhoja, Xinjiang

The ancient Kingdom of Khotan was one of the earliest Buddhist states in the world and a cultural bridge across which Buddhist culture and learning were transmitted from India to China. Gaochang is the site of an ancient oasis city built on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in Xinjiang, China. A busy trading center, it was a stopping point for merchant traders traveling on the Silk Road. The ruins are located 30 km southeast of modern Turpan. Gaochang is called Karakhoja or Qarakhoja in Uighur. The archaeological site is also known in early published reports as Chotscho, Khocho, or Qočo.

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