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Ukraine: Detail from golden Scythian pectoral, 4th century BCE.

Ukraine: Detail from golden Scythian pectoral, 4th century BCE.

Detail from a golden Scythian pectoral from the royal grave in the Tolstaja Mogila Kurgan, middle of 4th century BCE. Museum of Historical Treasures of Ukraine, Kiev. Image released to the press in 2009.

The Scythians were an ancient Iranian people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who throughout Classical Antiquity dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe, known at the time as Scythia. By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scythians in the west.

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