India: An engraving depicting the traditional method for catching fish in India in the 1600s.

Under the rule of Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great, India enjoyed much cultural and economic progress as well as religious harmony in the late 16th century, and the Mughal emperors gradually expanded their empires to cover large parts of the subcontinent. However, at the same time, European powers such as Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain established trading posts and later took advantage of internal conflicts to establish colonies. By 1856, most of India had come under the control of the British East India Company.

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Pictures From History