Italy / Lebanon: The Roman jurist Ulpian (c. 170–228 CE), as represented by André de Thevet, 1584

'Ulpian', Latin name Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus, was a Roman jurist of Tyrian (Tyre, Arabic: صور, Ṣūr) Lebanese ancestry.

He made his first appearance in public life as assessor in the auditorium of Papinian and member of the council of Septimius Severus; under Caracalla he was master of the requests (magister libellorum). Elagabalus (also known as Heliogabalus) banished him from Rome, but on the accession of Alexander (222) he was reinstated, and finally became the emperor's chief adviser and praefectus praetorio.

His curtailment of the privileges granted to the Praetorian Guard by Elagabalus provoked their enmity, and he narrowly escaped their vengeance; ultimately he was murdered in the palace, in the course of a riot between the soldiers and the mob.

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