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Japan: Iwai Kumesaburo III in the role of Benten Kozo Kikunosuke in the play Benten Kozo from the series Toyokuni Manga zue. Utagawa Kunisada (Toyokuni III), 1786-1865, 1860

Japan: Iwai Kumesaburo III in the role of Benten Kozo Kikunosuke in the play Benten Kozo from the series Toyokuni Manga zue. Utagawa Kunisada (Toyokuni III), 1786-1865, 1860

'Aoto Zōshi Hana no Nishiki-e' (青砥稿花紅彩画), as the original and fullest version of this play is known, is a tale in five acts of the shiranamimono (tales of thieves) sub-category of the kizewamono (rough contemporary piece) genre of kabuki plays. Written by Kawatake Mokuami, it first premiered at the Ichimura-za in Edo in March 1862.

The play centers on a band of five thieves, based on real thieves and criminals of Edo period Osaka: Karigane Bunshichi, An no Heibei, Gokuin Sen'emon, Kaminari Shōkurō and Hotei Ichiemon. The name of Nippon Daemon, the leader of the band, is taken from that of Nippon Saemon, who was captured and executed in 1747. The character of Benten Kozō, meanwhile, is said to have been based upon a servant at the Iwamoto-in temple on Enoshima, an island dedicated to the goddess Benten.

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