Indonesia: A Javanese court official, probably from the Court of Madura, c. 1820-1830

In 1624, Sultan Agung of Mataram conquered Madura and the island's government was brought under the Cakraningrats, a single princely line. The Cakrangingrat family opposed Central Javanese rule and often conquered large parts of Mataram.

In a 1743 treaty with the Dutch, Pakubuwono I ceded full sovereignty of Madura to the Dutch. The Dutch continued Madura's administrative divisions of four states each with their own regent. The island was initially important as a source of colonial troops and in the second half of the nineteenth century it became the main source of salt for Dutch-controlled territories in the archipelago.

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Pictures From History