Uzbekistan / Russia (USSR): Uzbek 'kulaks' accused of hoarding at a Stalinist 'show trial' somewhere in Soviet Central Asia, c. 1932

From 1930 onwards, the Soviet Communist Party and police officials feared the social disorder caused by the upheavals of forced collectivization of peasants and the resulting famine of 1932–1933, as well as the massive and uncontrolled migration of millions of peasants into cities.

This fear resulted in a series of purges between about 1930 and 1939, costing the lives of hundreds of thousands of people.

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