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Thailand: Oil painting of the Siamese capital at Ayutthaya ('Iudea'). Attributed to Johannes Vingboons (1617-1670), c. 1655

Thailand: Oil painting of the Siamese capital at Ayutthaya ('Iudea').  Attributed to Johannes Vingboons (1617-1670),  c. 1655

Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767. Ayutthaya was friendly towards foreign traders, including the Chinese, Vietnamese, Indians, Japanese and Persians, and later the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French, permitting them to set up villages outside the walls of the capital, also called Ayutthaya.

In the sixteenth century, it was described by foreign traders as one of the biggest and wealthiest cities in the East. The court of King Narai (1656–88) had strong links with that of King Louis XIV of France, whose ambassadors compared the city in size and wealth to Paris.

By 1550, the kingdom's vassals included some city-states in the Malay Peninsula, Sukhothai, and parts of Cambodia.

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