Japan: 'A Mirror of Japan's Nobility'. Right panel of a triptych by Toyohara Chikanobu (1838-1912) depicting Emperor Meiji (r. 1867-1912), 1887

Emperor Meiji (Meiji-tenno, November 3, 1852 – July 30, 1912), or Meiji the Great Meiji-taitei), was the 122nd Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death on July 30, 1912. He presided over a time of rapid change in the Empire of Japan, as the nation quickly changed from a feudal state to a capitalist and imperial world power, characterized by Japan's industrial revolution.

At the time of his birth in 1852, Japan was an isolated, pre-industrial, feudal country dominated by the Tokugawa Shogunate and the daimyo, who ruled over the country's more than 250 decentralized domains. By the time of his death in 1912, Japan had undergone a political, social, and industrial revolution at home and emerged as one of the great powers on the world stage.

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