Japan / China / Ryukyu Islands: Liu Qiu Guo quan tu ('A Map of the Country of Liu Qiu'), late Ming or early Qing Dynasty map, c. late 17th century

The Ryukyu Kingdom (historical English name: Lewchew, Luchu, or Loochoo) was an independent kingdom that ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 15th to the 19th century. The kings of Ryukyu unified Okinawa Island and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands in modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture, and the Sakishima Islands near Taiwan.

Despite its small size, the kingdom played a central role in the maritime trade networks of medieval East and Southeast Asia.

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