Italy: Sardonyx cameo portrait of Augustus Caesar (63 BCE-14 CE), first Roman Emperor, c. 41-54 CE. Currently displayed in Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City

Caesar Augustus (63 BCE– 14 CE), also known as Octavian, was the first and among the most important of the Roman Emperors.

Augustus' most visible impact on everyday culture is the eighth month of the year, which was renamed in Augustus' honor in 8 BCE because several of the most significant events in his rise to power, culminating in the fall of Alexandria, occurred during this month.

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