Spain / Al Andalus: Ibn Bajja, known to European medieval scholarship as Avempace (c. 1085 -1138), Andalusian Arab Astronomer, Philosopher, Physician, Physicist, Poet, Scientist and general polymath. Anonymous 20th century painting

Avempace (c. 1085 – 1138) is the Latinate form of Ibn Bajja, full name Abu Bakr Muḥammad Ibn Yahya ibn as-Saiigh at-Tujibi Ibn Bajja al-Tujibi, a medieval Andalusian Arab. His writings include works regarding astronomy, physics, and music, as well as philosophy, medicine, botany, and poetry.

He was the author of the Kitab al-Nabat ('The Book of Plants'), a popular work on botany, which defined the sex of plants. His philosophic ideas had a clear effect on Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Albertus Magnus. Most of his writings and books were not completed (or well-organized) because of his early death. He had a vast knowledge of medicine, mathematics and astronomy. His main contribution to Islamic philosophy is his idea on soul phenomenology, which was never completed.

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