Iraq / Mesopotamia: Austen Henry Layard (1817 - 1894), archaeologist and excavator of the ancient cities of Nimrud and Niniveh, supervises the removal of a lamassu or winged bull from Nimrud, engraving, 1852

The Rt Hon Sir Austen Henry Layard GCB (5 March 1817 – 5 July 1894) was an English traveller, archaeologist, cuneiformist, art historian, draughtsman, collector, author, politician and diplomat, best known as the excavator of Nimrud and of Niniveh, where he uncovered a large proportion of the Assyrian palace reliefs known, and in 1851 the library of Ashurbanipal.

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