Italy: Icon of Postumus (-269), 1st Gallic emperor, from the book Icones imperatorvm romanorvm (Icons of Roman Emperors), Antwerp, c. 1645

Postumus (-269) claimed to have been a Batavian, though little is known about his early life. He joined and quickly ascended through the ranks of the army, until he eventually held command over Roman forces 'among the Celts'. He was apparently held in high regard at court, and granted an honourary consulship.

Postumus and his forces eventually revolted in 260, proclaiming himself emperor in opposition to Emperor Gallienus. This was triggered by the emperor's son, Saloninus, demanding all the war booty the army had won in a battle be transferred to his residence, causing the soldiers to revolt against him. Postumus was quickly recognised in Gaul, Germania, Britannia and Hispania, as well as among other Western provinces, soon carving out a sizeable Gallic Empire for himself.

Emperor Gallienus tried unsuccessfully to defeat Postumus and his Gallic Empire, but could not manage to kill him before he was murdered by his own troops. Postumus ruled for another nine years, before discontent among his own soldiers eventually led to them murdering him in 269.

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