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Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) was a Brabantian cartographer and geographer, conventially known as the creator of the first modern atlas, the 'Theatrum Orbis Terrarum' (Theatre of the World). He was one of the most notable figures in the Dutch school of cartography during their golden age (roughly 1570s-1670s), his publishing of his atlas in 1570 being seen as its official beginning.
Francisco de Zurbarán (baptized November 7, 1598 – August 27, 1664) was a Spanish painter. He is known primarily for his religious paintings depicting monks, nuns, and martyrs, and for his still-lifes. Zurbarán gained the nickname <i>Spanish Caravaggio</i>, owing to the forceful, realistic use of chiaroscuro in which he excelled.<br/><br/> The Plaza de España is a plaza in the Parque de María Luisa (Maria Luisa Park), in Seville, Spain, built in 1928 for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. It is a landmark example of the Regionalism Architecture, mixing elements of the Renaissance Revival and Moorish Revival (Neo-Mudéjar) styles of Spanish architecture.
Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and <i>jure uxoris</i> King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).<br/><br/> Philip was the son of Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V and Isabella of Portugal, his empire included territories on every continent then known to Europeans, including his namesake the Philippines. During his reign, Spain reached the height of its influence and power. This is sometimes called the Spanish Golden Age.<br/><br/> The Plaza de España is a plaza in the Parque de María Luisa (Maria Luisa Park), in Seville, Spain, built in 1928 for the Ibero-American Exposition of 1929. It is a landmark example of the Regionalism Architecture, mixing elements of the Renaissance Revival and Moorish Revival (Neo-Mudéjar) styles of Spanish architecture.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Chen Hongshou (1598 - 1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.<br/><br/> Chen Zi (1634 - 1713), also from Zhuji, was the son of Chen Hongshou and a renowned artist in his own right.
Chen Hongshou (1598 - 1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.<br/><br/> Chen Zi (1634 - 1713), also from Zhuji, was the son of Chen Hongshou and a renowned artist in his own right.
Chen Hongshou (1598 - 1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.<br/><br/> Chen Zi (1634 - 1713), also from Zhuji, was the son of Chen Hongshou and a renowned artist in his own right.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
Wang Jian (1598-1677), style name Xuanzhao and pseudonyms Xiangbi and Ranxiang Anzhu, was a Chinese painter born in Taicang. He lived during the end of the Ming Dynasty and the first decades of the Qing Dynasty. His style of painting was influenced by that of notorious painter Dong Yuan, and he would become famous enough himself to be considered one of the Four Wangs and Six Masters of the early Qing period.
John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216), also known as John Lackland (Norman French: Johan sanz Terre), was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death in 1216. John lost the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of most of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the Capetian dynasty during the 13th century.<br/><br/> The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document of immense significance considered to be an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Latin: <i>Malleus Scotorum</i>), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
Edward III (13 November 1312 – 21 June 1377) was King of England from 25 January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe.<br/><br/> His long reign of fifty years was the second longest in medieval England and saw vital developments in legislation and government—in particular the evolution of the English parliament—as well as the ravages of the Black Death.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
John Calvin, born Jehan Cauvin: 10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism, aspects of which include the doctrines of predestination and of the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation of the human soul from death and eternal damnation.<br/><br/> Various Congregational, Reformed, and Presbyterian churches, which look to Calvin as the chief expositor of their beliefs, have spread throughout the world.
Chen Hongshou (1598 - 1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.<br/><br/> Chen Zi (1634 - 1713), also from Zhuji, was the son of Chen Hongshou and a renowned artist in his own right.
Following successful expeditions to the East Indies [Indonesia], the Dutch set up a factory and a fortress in Bantam, which was later moved to the new capital in Jakarta.<br/><br/> The Dutch East India Company, or VOC, was set up in 1602 to exploit the East Indies and, in particular, the Moluccas or Spice Islands, which were the world's major provider of nutmeg, mace, cloves and pepper. Until that point, the spice trade had been dominated by the Portuguese.<br/><br/> Between 1602 and 1796, the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade on 4,785 ships, and netted more than 2.5 million tons of Asian trade goods.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Chen Hongshou (1598-1652), courtesy name Zhanghou and pseudonym Laolian, was a Chinese painter from Zhuji who lived during the late Ming Dynasty era. Chen trained under the famed artist Lan Ying, and developed a plump and profound brushwork style that lent itself to illustrations and tapestry portraits.
Tao Yuanming (traditional Chinese: 陶淵明; simplified Chinese: 陶渊明; pinyin: Táo​ Yuān​míng; Wade-Giles: T'ao Yüan-ming) also known as Tao Qian (simplified Chinese: 陶潜; traditional Chinese: 陶潛; pinyin: Táo Qián; Wade–Giles: T'ao Ch'ien) (365–427) was a Chinese poet of the Six Dynasties period (ca. 220 - 589 CE).<br/><br/> Tao Yuanming later changed his name to Tao Qian and is generally regarded as the greatest poet during the centuries between the Han and Tang dynasties. He is also the foremost of the 'recluse' poets, or the poets who seem to have written their greatest work while in reclusion and/or those poets in whose poems the theme of countryside solitude particularly resonates.<br/><br/> In Tao Yuanming's poems can be found superlative examples of the theme which urges its audience to drop out of official life, move to the country, and take up a cultivated life of wine, poetry, and avoiding people with whom friendship would be unsuitable, but in Tao's case this went along with actually engaging in farming. Tao's poetry also shows an inclination to fulfillment of duty, such as feeding his family.<br/><br/> Tao's simple and plain style of expression, reflecting his back-to-basics lifestyle, first became better known as he achieved local fame as a hermit. This was followed gradually by recognition in major anthologies. By the Tang Dynasty, Tao was elevated to greatness as a poet's poet, revered by Li Bai and Du Fu.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (February 2, 1536 or March 26, 1537 – September 18, 1598) was a daimyo in the Sengoku period who unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle. He is noted for a number of cultural legacies, including the restriction that only members of the samurai class could bear arms. Hideyoshi is regarded as Japan's second 'great unifier'.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (February 2, 1536 or March 26, 1537 – September 18, 1598) was a daimyo in the Sengoku period who unified the political factions of Japan. He succeeded his former liege lord, Oda Nobunaga, and brought an end to the Sengoku period. The period of his rule is often called the Momoyama period, named after Hideyoshi's castle. He is noted for a number of cultural legacies, including the restriction that only members of the samurai class could bear arms. Hideyoshi is regarded as Japan's second 'great unifier'.
Yi Sun-sin (April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598) was a Korean naval commander noted for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon Dynasty. Yi is also known for his innovative use of the 'turtle ship'. He is reputed to be one of the few admirals to have been victorious in every naval battle in which he commanded. Yi was killed by a single bullet in the Battle of Noryang on December 16, 1598. Yi remains a venerated hero among Koreans today.
Yi Sun-sin (April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598) was a Korean naval commander noted for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon Dynasty. Yi is also known for his innovative use of the 'turtle ship'. He is reputed to be one of the few admirals to have been victorious in every naval battle in which he commanded. Yi was killed by a single bullet in the Battle of Noryang on December 16, 1598. Yi remains a venerated hero among Koreans today.
Yi Sun-sin (April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598) was a Korean naval commander noted for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon Dynasty. Yi is also known for his innovative use of the 'turtle ship'. He is reputed to be one of the few admirals to have been victorious in every naval battle in which he commanded. Yi was killed by a single bullet in the Battle of Noryang on December 16, 1598. Yi remains a venerated hero among Koreans today.
Situated some 900 km east of Madagascar, the island of Mauritius was a tantalizingly ideal port for medieval European explorers en route to India and the East Indies. It was also unpopulated but for animals, including the dodo bird. First came the Dutch: Wybrant van Warwijk claimed the island of Mauritius for Holland on Sept. 20, 1598. They abandoned it until 1638 when the Dutch East India Company (VOC) returned to stake their claim on the island; it remained colonized by the Netherlands until 1710. The French East India Company then claimed the island in 1721; it held Mauritius as a colony until the British seized it in 1810. Mauritius finally gained independence in 1968.
Kiyomasa was one of the three senior commanders during the Seven-Year War (1592–1598) against the Korean dynasty of Joseon. Together with Konishi Yukinaga, he captured Seoul, Busan and many other crucial cities. He defeated the last Korean regulars in the Battle of Imjin River and pacified Hamgyong.
A Muraqqa is an album of artwork which predominated in the 16th century in the Safavid, Mughal and Ottoman empires. The Muraqqa album consists of compilations of various fine arts, including Islamic calligraphy, Ottoman miniatures, paintings, drawings, ghazals and Persian poetry. The pages in this type of illuminated manuscript usually have decorated margins. The ruling elite of this time period were fond of collecting and compiling these types of albums, sometimes making alterations to existing Muraqqas. Some albums were made specifically for rulers or royalty, while other albums were made from existing albums, war booty, or other books. The style of these albums was largely influenced by the Persian language and fine arts.
Qu Yuan (Chinese: 屈原; pinyin: Qū Yuán; Wade–Giles: Ch'ü Yüan) (339 BCE – 278 BCE) was a Chinese poet who lived during the Warring States Period in ancient China. He is famous for his contributions to the poetry collection known as the Chu-ci (also known as Songs of the South or Songs of Chu). The Chuci together with the Shi Jing are the two great collections of ancient Chinese verse.<br/><br/> Historical details about Qu Yuan's life are few, and his authorship of many Chu-ci poems have been questioned at length. However, he is widely accepted to have written Li Sao, the most well-known of the Chu-ci poems, and possibly several others in the collection, as well. The first known reference to Qu Yuan appears in a poem written in 174 BCE by Jia Yi, an official from Luoyang who was slandered by jealous officials and banished to Changsha by Emperor Wen of Han. While traveling, he wrote a poem describing the similar fate of a previous 'Qu Yuan'. Eighty years later, the first known biography of Qu Yuan's life appeared in Han Dynasty historian Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, though it contains a number of contradictory details.
Yi Sun-sin (April 28, 1545 – December 16, 1598) was a Korean naval commander noted for his victories against the Japanese navy during the Imjin war in the Joseon Dynasty. Yi is also known for his innovative use of the 'turtle ship'. He is reputed to be one of the few admirals to have been victorious in every naval battle in which he commanded. Yi was killed by a single bullet in the Battle of Noryang on December 16, 1598. Yi remains a venerated hero among Koreans today.