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Okumura Masanobu (1686 – 13 March 1764) was a Japanese print designer, book publisher, and painter. He also illustrated novelettes and in his early years wrote some fiction.<br/><br/> At first his work adhered to the Torii school, but later drifted beyond that. He is a figure in the formative era of ukiyo-e doing early works on actors and <i>bijin-ga</i> ('pictures of beautiful women').
Okumura Masanobu (1686 – 13 March 1764) was a Japanese print designer, book publisher, and painter. He also illustrated novelettes and in his early years wrote some fiction.<br/><br/> At first his work adhered to the Torii school, but later drifted beyond that. He is a figure in the formative era of ukiyo-e doing early works on actors and <i>bijin-ga</i> ('pictures of beautiful women').
A physician by training, in 1668 Dellon sailed to India with the Compaignie de Indes travelling by the way of Madagascar and the Seychelles, and for a time undertook a study of the flora and fauna of the Malabar coast. Dellon left the company in 1673 to set up his medical practice in the then Portuguese colony of Damao (Daman).<br/><br/> Unfortunately, for him, he made enemies of the Inquisition, was arrested shortly thereafter, and imprisoned for two years at Goa. This work, published with permission of Louis XIV is an expose of the Inquisition. First published in Leiden in 1687, it became an immediate bestseller.
The Fragrant Concubine (Chinese: Xiāngfēi; Uyghur: Iparxan, Khoja Iparhan) is a figure in Chinese legend who was taken as a consort by the Qianlong Emperor during the 18th century. Although the stories about her are believed to be mythical, they may have been based on an actual concubine from western China who entered the harem of the emperor in 1760 and who carried the court title of Rong Fei.<br/><br/> Some suggest, however, that Imperial Consort Rong (whose original name may have been Maimur Azum) and Imperial Consort Xiang were different women. Han Chinese and Uyghur tellings of the legend of the Fragrant Concubine diverge greatly, and her experience represents a powerful symbol for both peoples. The story became greatly popular during the early 20th century and has since been adapted into several plays, films, and books.
Okumura Masanobu (Japanese: 奥村 政信; 1686 – 13 March 1764) was a Japanese print designer, book publisher, and painter. He also illustrated novelettes and in his early years wrote some fiction.<br/><br/> At first his work adhered to the Torii school, but later drifted beyond that. He is a figure in the formative era of ukiyo-e doing early works on actors and bijin-ga ('pictures of beautiful women').
Somdet Phra Narai (1633 - 11 July 1688) or Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III was the king of Ayutthaya from 1656 to 1688. His reign was the most prosperous during the Ayutthaya period and saw great commercial and diplomatic activities with foreign nations including the Persians and the West.<br/><br/> During the latter years of his reign, Narai gave the Greek adventurer Constantine Phaulkon so much power that technically he became the chancellor of the state. Through Phaulkon's arrangements, the Siamese kingdom came into close diplomatic relations with the court of Louis XIV and French soldiers and missionaries filled the Siamese aristocracy and defense.<br/><br/> The dominance of French officials led to frictions between them and the native mandarins and led to the turbulent revolution of 1688 towards the end of his reign. Narai’s reign was also known for a small war with England in 1687 and the invasion of Burmese Lanna in 1662.
Father Ferdinand Verbiest (1623-1688) was a Flemish Jesuit missionary in China during the Qing dynasty. He proved to the court of Kangxi Emperor that European astronomy was more accurate than Chinese astronomy.<br/><br/> He then corrected the Chinese calendar and was later asked to rebuild and re-equip the Beijing Ancient Observatory, being given the role of Head of the Mathematical Board and Director of the Observatory.<br/><br/> Verbiest was the only Westerner in Chinese history to ever receive the honour of a posthumous name by the Emperor. He is buried in Beijing.
Somdet Phra Narai (1633 - 11 July 1688) or Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III was the king of Ayutthaya from 1656 to 1688. His reign was the most prosperous during the Ayutthaya period and saw great commercial and diplomatic activities with foreign nations including the Persians and the West.<br/><br/> During the latter years of his reign, Narai gave the Greek adventurer Constantine Phaulkon so much power that technically he became the chancellor of the state. Through Phaulkon's arrangements, the Siamese kingdom came into close diplomatic relations with the court of Louis XIV and French soldiers and missionaries filled the Siamese aristocracy and defense. The dominance of French officials led to frictions between them and the native mandarins and led to the turbulent revolution of 1688 towards the end of his reign. Narai’s reign was also known for a small war with England in 1687 and the invasion of Burmese Lanna in 1662.
The Chinese traders at Nagasaki were confined to a walled compound which was located in the same vicinity as Dejima island, while the activities of the Chinese, though less strictly controlled than those of the Dutch, were closely monitored and scrutinized by the Nagasaki authorities.
The Fragrant Concubine (Chinese: Xiāngfēi; Uyghur: Iparxan, Khoja Iparhan) is a figure in Chinese legend who was taken as a consort by the Qianlong Emperor during the 18th century. Although the stories about her are believed to be mythical, they may have been based on an actual concubine from western China who entered the harem of the emperor in 1760 and who carried the court title of Rong Fei. Some suggest, however, that Imperial Consort Rong (whose original name may have been Maimur Azum) and Imperial Consort Xiang were different women. Han Chinese and Uyghur tellings of the legend of the Fragrant Concubine diverge greatly, and her experience represents a powerful symbol for both peoples. The story became greatly popular during the early 20th century and has since been adapted into several plays, films, and books.
Yinti, Prince Xun (16 January 1688 — 13 January 1756) of the Aisin-Gioro clan was the Kangxi Emperor's fourteenth son, and the one who was said to be the favourite to succeed him. He was the brother of Yinzhen born to the same mother, the Concubine of the Wuya Clan (i.e. the Empress Xiaogong Ren). In 1718, after the defeat of a Chinese army along the Salween River in Tibet by the Dzungar general Tsering Dondub, he was appointed by the Kangxi Emperor as The Frontier Pacification General to lead an army of 300,000 into Tibet and defeat the Dzungar general. On 24 September 1720, Yinti's army took Lhasa and returned the Dalai Lama back to the Potala Palace. Yinti was planning a conquest of Dzungaria when on 21 December 1722 he was informed of his father's death and was summoned immediately back to the capital. The throne had been inherited by his brother Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. Yongzheng saw Yinti as a potential threat and placed him under house-arrest. Yinti was released after the Yongzheng Emperor's death in 1735.
The Empress Xiaozhuang (March 28, 1613 - January 27, 1688), known for most of her life by the title 'Grand Empress Dowager', was the concubine of Emperor Huang Taiji, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor and the grandmother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing Dynasty in China.<br/><br/> She wielded significant influence over the Qing court during the rule of her son and grandson. Known for her wisdom and political ability, Xiaozhuang has become a largely respected figure in Chinese history, strictly in contrast to the despotic reputation of Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Xiao Zhuang Wen was a daughter of a prince of Borjigit clan of the Khorchin Mongols, Prince Jaisang, and thus was a descendant of Genghis Khan's younger brother Jochi Khasar. Her given name was Bumbutai.
The Empress Xiaozhuang (March 28, 1613 - January 27, 1688), known for most of her life by the title 'Grand Empress Dowager', was the concubine of Emperor Huang Taiji, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor and the grandmother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing Dynasty in China. She wielded significant influence over the Qing court during the rule of her son and grandson. Known for her wisdom and political ability, Xiaozhuang has become a largely respected figure in Chinese history, strictly in contrast to the despotic reputation of Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Xiao Zhuang Wen was a daughter of a prince of Borjigit clan of the Khorchin Mongols, Prince Jaisang, and thus was a descendant of Genghis Khan's younger brother Jochi Khasar. Her given name was Bumbutai.
Father Ferdinand Verbiest (9 October 1623 – 28 January 1688) was a Flemish Jesuit missionary in China during the Qing dynasty. He was born in Pittem near Tielt in Flanders, later part of the modern state of Belgium. He was known as Nan Huairen (南懷仁) in Chinese.<br/><br/> He was an accomplished mathematician and astronomer and proved to the court of the Kangxi Emperor that European astronomy was more accurate than Chinese astronomy. He then corrected the Chinese calendar and was later asked to rebuild and re-equip the Beijing Ancient Observatory, being given the role of Head of the Mathematical Board and Director of the Observatory.<br/><br/> He became close friends with the Kangxi Emperor, who frequently requested his teaching, in geometry, philosophy and music. Verbiest worked as a diplomat and cartographer, and also as a translator, because he spoke Latin, German, Dutch, Spanish, Hebrew, and Italian. He wrote more than thirty books.
Empress Xiao Duan Wen (May 13, 1600 - May 17, 1649), personal name Borjigit. She was the principal Empress Consort of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Huang Taiji of China. Empress Xiao Duan Wen was a daughter of Manjusri Noyan, the First Prince Fu of the Borjigit clan, descended from the Mongol Horchin clan. Borjigit married the Tai Zong Emperor Huang Taiji of the Manchu Later Jin on May 28, 1614, and became his official wife and later Empress in 1636 when the Qing Dynasty was established. Both her nieces Bumbutai (later Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang) and Hai Lan Zu were married to the Emperor as well. Borjigit was posthumously styled with the title 'Empress Xiao Duan Wen' after her death.
The Empress Xiaozhuang, (pinyin: Xiàozhuāngwén Huánghòu; Manchu: Hiyoošungga Ambalinggū Genggiyenšu Hūwanghu; March 28, 1613 - January 27, 1688), known for the majority of her life under the title 'Grand Empress Dowager', was the concubine of Emperor Huang Taiji, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor and the grandmother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing Dynasty in China. She wielded significant influence over the Qing court during the rule of her son and grandson. Known for her wisdom and political ability, Xiaozhuang has become a largely respected figure in Chinese history, strictly in contrast to the despotic reputation of Empress Dowager Cixi.<br/><br/> Empress Xiao Zhuang Wen was a daughter of a prince of Borjigit clan of the Khorchin Mongols, Prince Jaisang, and thus was a descendant of Genghis Khan's younger brother Jochi Khasar. Her given name was Bumbutai.
The Empress Xiaozhuang (March 28, 1613 - January 27, 1688), known for most of her life by the title 'Grand Empress Dowager', was the concubine of Emperor Huang Taiji, the mother of the Shunzhi Emperor and the grandmother of the Kangxi Emperor during the Qing Dynasty in China.<br/><br/> She wielded significant influence over the Qing court during the rule of her son and grandson. Known for her wisdom and political ability, Xiaozhuang has become a largely respected figure in Chinese history, strictly in contrast to the despotic reputation of Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Xiao Zhuang Wen was a daughter of a prince of Borjigit clan of the Khorchin Mongols, Prince Jaisang, and thus was a descendant of Genghis Khan's younger brother Jochi Khasar. Her given name was Bumbutai.