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Sir Christopher Wren PRS (30 October 1632 – 8 March 1723) is one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history. He was accorded responsibility for rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including what is regarded as his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710.<br/><br/> Educated in Latin and Aristotelian physics at the University of Oxford, Wren was a notable anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as an architect. He was a founder of the Royal Society (president 1680–82), and his scientific work was highly regarded by Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal.
Sir Christopher Wren PRS (30 October 1632 – 8 March 1723) is one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history. He was accorded responsibility for rebuilding 52 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including what is regarded as his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710.<br/><br/> Educated in Latin and Aristotelian physics at the University of Oxford, Wren was a notable anatomist, astronomer, geometer, and mathematician-physicist, as well as an architect. He was a founder of the Royal Society (president 1680–82), and his scientific work was highly regarded by Isaac Newton and Blaise Pascal.
In Hinduism, the river Ganga is considered sacred and is personified as a goddess Ganga. It is worshipped by Hindus who believe that bathing in the river causes the remission of sins and facilitates <i>Moksha</i> (liberation from the cycle of life and death).<br/><br/> The water of Ganga is considered very pure. Pilgrims immerse the ashes of their kin in the Ganges, which is considered by them to bring the spirits closer to <i>moksha</i>.
Ike no Taiga was a Japanese painter and calligrapher born in Kyoto during the Edo period. The majority of his works reflected his passion for classical Chinese culture and painting techniques, though he also incorporated revolutionary and modern techniques into his otherwise very traditional paintings.
Holi is a Hindu spring festival in India and Nepal, also known as the festival of colours or the festival of sharing love. The festival signifies the victory of good over evil, the arrival of spring, end of winter, and for many a festive day to meet others, play and laugh, forget and forgive, and repair broken relationships, and is also celebrated as a thanksgiving for a good harvest.<br/><br/> It lasts for two days starting on the Purnima (Full Moon day) falling in the Bikram Sambat Hindu Calendar month of Falgun, which falls somewhere between the end of February and the middle of March in the Gregorian calendar. The first day is known as Holika Dahan or Chhoti Holi and the second as Rangwali Holi, Dhuleti, Dhulandi or Dhulivandan.
Japan: 'Pine Tree and Calligraphy'. Album leaf mounted as hanging scroll painting by Ike no Taiga (1723-1776), with calligraphy by Minagawa Kien (1734-1807), late 18th century.<br/><br/> Ike no Taiga (1723-1776) was a Japanese calligrapher and painter from Kyoto. He had a great passion for classical Chinese culture and painting styles, perfecting the Nanga ('Southern')/Bunjinga ('literati') school of painting that was heavily influenced by traditional Chinese artists. He was married to fellow artist Ike Gyorukan.
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisicion espanola), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. The regulation of the faith of the newly converted was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert or leave Spain.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century.
Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726) was an English physicist and mathematician (described in his own day as a 'natural philosopher') who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution.<br/><br/> His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ('Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy'), first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton made seminal contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of calculus.
Ike no Taiga was a Japanese painter and calligrapher born in Kyoto during the Edo period. The majority of his works reflected his passion for classical Chinese culture and painting techniques, though he also incorporated revolutionary and modern techniques into his otherwise very traditional paintings.
The National Palace Museum (Chinese: 國立故宮博物院; pinyin: Guólì Gùgōng Bówùyuàn) is an antique museum in Shilin, Taipei, Taiwan.<br/><br/>It is one of the national museums of the Republic of China, and has a permanent collection of more than 696,000 pieces of ancient Chinese artifacts and artworks, making it one of the largest in the world.<br/><br/>The collection encompasses over 8,000 years of Chinese history from the Neolithic age to the late Qing Dynasty. Most of the collection are high quality pieces collected by China's ancient emperors.
Sir Joshua Reynolds RA FRS FRSA (16 July 1723 – 23 February 1792) was an influential 18th-century English painter, specialising in portraits and promoting the 'Grand Style' in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. He was one of the founders and first President of the Royal Academy. King George III appreciated his merits and knighted him in 1769.
Empress Xiao Gong Ren ( 1660–1723) was an Imperial Consort of the Kangxi Emperor and mother of the Yongzheng Emperor. Her father was Lieutenant-Colonel Wei-wu of the Uya clan, of the Manchu yellow banner corps. In 1678 Uya gave birth to the Kangxi Emperor's fourth surviving son Yin Zhen, the future Yongzheng Emperor. One year later she was granted the title of Imperial Concubine De, meaning 'virtuous'. In 1681 Uya gave birth to another son. In 1682 she was granted the title of Imperial Consort De. In the next five years, Uya gave birth to three daughters. Finally in 1688, she gave birth to her last son. When the Kangxi Emperor died in 1722, her son Yinzhen succeeded to the throne and, as the mother of the reigning emperor, she received the title the 'Empress Dowager Renshou'. In 1723, one year after the death of her husband the Empress Dowager Renshou died of illness. She was 64 years old and was interred in the Jing Ling Mausoleum. She was given the posthumous title of Empress Xiao Gong Ren.
Empress Xiao Gong Ren ( 1660–1723) was an Imperial Consort of the Kangxi Emperor and mother of the Yongzheng Emperor. Her father was Lieutenant-Colonel Wei-wu of the Uya clan, of the Manchu yellow banner corps. In 1678 Uya gave birth to the Kangxi Emperor's fourth surviving son Yin Zhen, the future Yongzheng Emperor. One year later she was granted the title of Imperial Concubine De, meaning 'virtuous'. In 1681 Uya gave birth to another son. In 1682 she was granted the title of Imperial Consort De. In the next five years, Uya gave birth to three daughters. Finally in 1688, she gave birth to her last son. When the Kangxi Emperor died in 1722, her son Yinzhen succeeded to the throne and, as the mother of the reigning emperor, she received the title the 'Empress Dowager Renshou'. In 1723, one year after the death of her husband the Empress Dowager Renshou died of illness. She was 64 years old and was interred in the Jing Ling Mausoleum. She was given the posthumous title of Empress Xiao Gong Ren.
Empress Xiao Gong Ren ( 1660–1723) was an Imperial Consort of the Kangxi Emperor and mother of the Yongzheng Emperor. Her father was Lieutenant-Colonel Wei-wu of the Uya clan, of the Manchu yellow banner corps. In 1678 Uya gave birth to the Kangxi Emperor's fourth surviving son Yin Zhen, the future Yongzheng Emperor. One year later she was granted the title of Imperial Concubine De, meaning 'virtuous'. In 1681 Uya gave birth to another son. In 1682 she was granted the title of Imperial Consort De. In the next five years, Uya gave birth to three daughters. Finally in 1688, she gave birth to her last son. When the Kangxi Emperor died in 1722, her son Yinzhen succeeded to the throne and, as the mother of the reigning emperor, she received the title the 'Empress Dowager Renshou'. In 1723, one year after the death of her husband the Empress Dowager Renshou died of illness. She was 64 years old and was interred in the Jing Ling Mausoleum. She was given the posthumous title of Empress Xiao Gong Ren.
Undur Geghen Zanabazar (1635–1723), was the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism for the Khalkha in Outer Mongolia. In 1640 Zanabazar was recognized by the Panchen Lama and the Dalai Lama as being a 'living Buddha', and he received his seat at Orgoo, then located in Ovorkhangai – 400 miles from the present site of Ulan Bator – as head of the Buddhist Gelug tradition in Mongolia.
The Japanese tea ceremony, also called the Way of Tea, is a Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha, powdered green tea. In Japanese, it is called chanoyu (茶の湯) or chadō, sadō (茶道). The manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance, is called otemae (お手前; お点前). Zen Buddhism was a primary influence in the development of the tea ceremony.<br/><br/> Tea gatherings are classified as chakai (茶会) or chaji (茶事). A chakai is a relatively simple course of hospitality that includes confections, thin tea (薄茶 usucha), and perhaps a light meal. A chaji is a much more formal gathering, usually including a full-course kaiseki meal followed by confections, thick tea (濃茶 koicha), and thin tea. A chaji can last up to four hours.