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Catherine II of Russia (Russian: Yekaterina Alekseyevna, 2 May 1729 – 17 November 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female ruler of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67.<br/><br/> Born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg, she came to power following a coup d'état when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. Russia was revitalised under her reign, growing larger and stronger than ever and becoming recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
John Harrison (1693– 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker. He invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought after device for solving the problem of establishing the East-West position or longitude of a ship at sea, thus revolutionising and extending the possibility of safe long-distance sea travel in the Age of Sail. The problem was considered so important, that the British Parliament offered financial rewards of up to £20,000 (£2.75 million) under the 1714 Longitude Act.
John Harrison (1693– 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker. He invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought after device for solving the problem of establishing the East-West position or longitude of a ship at sea, thus revolutionising and extending the possibility of safe long-distance sea travel in the Age of Sail. The problem was considered so important, that the British Parliament offered financial rewards of up to £20,000 (£2.75 million) under the 1714 Longitude Act.
Japan: 'Pine Tree and Calligraphy'. Album leaf mounted as hanging scroll painting by Ike no Taiga (1723-1776), with calligraphy by Minagawa Kien (1734-1807), late 18th century.<br/><br/> Ike no Taiga (1723-1776) was a Japanese calligrapher and painter from Kyoto. He had a great passion for classical Chinese culture and painting styles, perfecting the Nanga ('Southern')/Bunjinga ('literati') school of painting that was heavily influenced by traditional Chinese artists. He was married to fellow artist Ike Gyorukan.
Ike no Taiga was a Japanese painter and calligrapher born in Kyoto during the Edo period. The majority of his works reflected his passion for classical Chinese culture and painting techniques, though he also incorporated revolutionary and modern techniques into his otherwise very traditional paintings.
Ike no Taiga was a Japanese painter and calligrapher born in Kyoto during the Edo period. The majority of his works reflected his passion for classical Chinese culture and painting techniques, though he also incorporated revolutionary and modern techniques into his otherwise very traditional paintings.
Chen Huacheng (Chinese:陈化成）(1776-1842), was a native of Tongan, Fujian. He became naval forces commander of Fujian in 1830 (10th year of the Daoguang reign) and provincial military commander of Jiangnan in 1840. He cast bronze cannons, made gun powder, built batteries, and prepared for the defense of Wusong.<br/><br/> In 1842 when the British fleet came to attack, he opposed Jiangnan and Jiangxi governor-general Niu Jian's fear of the enemy and seeking of peace, waving the Qing banner and shelling British ships. He was killed in battle at the Western Wusong Battery during hand-to-hand fighting with the British invaders.
William Hodges (28 October 1744 – 6 March 1797) was an English painter. He was a member of James Cook's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and is best known for the sketches and paintings of locations he visited on that voyage, including Table Bay, Tahiti, Easter Island, and the Antarctic. Hodges accompanied Cook to the Pacific as the expedition's artist in 1772-1775. Many of his sketches and wash paintings were adapted as engravings in the original published edition of Cook's journals from the voyage.
William Hodges (28 October 1744 – 6 March 1797) was an English painter. He was a member of James Cook's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean, and is best known for the sketches and paintings of locations he visited on that voyage, including Table Bay, Tahiti, Easter Island, and the Antarctic. Hodges accompanied Cook to the Pacific as the expedition's artist in 1772-1775. Many of his sketches and wash paintings were adapted as engravings in the original published edition of Cook's journals from the voyage.
The 6 year expedition to Egypt and Yemen funded by the King of Denmark in 1761 was the stuff of romantic legend. Filled with death, womanising and general intrigue, Carsten Niebuhr - the only survivor - recorded a dispassionate account of the journey in 'Beschreibung von Arabien' in 1772 - an historical classic in terms of informinnng Europe about the Middle East.
The 6 year expedition to Egypt and Yemen funded by the King of Denmark in 1761 was the stuff of romantic legend. Filled with death, womanising and general intrigue, Carsten Niebuhr - the only survivor - recorded a dispassionate account of the journey in 'Beschreibung von Arabien' in 1772 - an historical classic in terms of informinnng Europe about the Middle East.
The 6 year expedition to Egypt and Yemen funded by the King of Denmark in 1761 was the stuff of romantic legend. Filled with death, womanising and general intrigue, Carsten Niebuhr - the only survivor - recorded a dispassionate account of the journey in 'Beschreibung von Arabien' in 1772 - an historical classic in terms of informinnng Europe about the Middle East.
The 6 year expedition to Egypt and Yemen funded by the King of Denmark in 1761 was the stuff of romantic legend. Filled with death, womanising and general intrigue, Carsten Niebuhr - the only survivor - recorded a dispassionate account of the journey in 'Beschreibung von Arabien' in 1772 - an historical classic in terms of informinnng Europe about the Middle East.
The 6 year expedition to Egypt and Yemen funded by the King of Denmark in 1761 was the stuff of romantic legend. Filled with death, womanising and general intrigue, Carsten Niebuhr - the only survivor - recorded a dispassionate account of the journey in 'Beschreibung von Arabien' in 1772 - an historical classic in terms of informinnng Europe about the Middle East.
The Japanese tea ceremony, also called the Way of Tea, is a Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha, powdered green tea. In Japanese, it is called chanoyu (茶の湯) or chadō, sadō (茶道). The manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance, is called otemae (お手前; お点前). Zen Buddhism was a primary influence in the development of the tea ceremony.<br/><br/> Tea gatherings are classified as chakai (茶会) or chaji (茶事). A chakai is a relatively simple course of hospitality that includes confections, thin tea (薄茶 usucha), and perhaps a light meal. A chaji is a much more formal gathering, usually including a full-course kaiseki meal followed by confections, thick tea (濃茶 koicha), and thin tea. A chaji can last up to four hours.