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Ren Yi (1840-1896), also known as Ren Bonian, was a Chinese painter born in Zhejiang during the Qing Dynasty era. He moved to Shanghai in 1855 after the death of his father, which exposed him to Western thinking within a more urban environment. He became a member of the Shanghai School, fusing popular and traditional styles. He is sometimes referred to as one of the 'Four Rens'.
Kshitigarbha, sometimes spelt Ksitigarbha, is a bodhisattva mainly worshipped in East Asian and Theravada Buddhism, and is often depicted as a monk with a halo around his shaved head. His name may translate to 'Earth Treasury' or 'Earth Matrix', and is renowned for his vow to instruct all beings in the six worlds between the death of Gautama Buddha and the ascendance of Maitreya, as well as his oath to not achieve Buddhahood until all hells are emptied.<br/><br/>

Thus, Kshitigarbha is often associated with hell and as the bodhisattva of hell-beings. He is also the guardian of children and patrod deity for deceased children and aborted fetuses in Japanese culture, where he is known by the name Jizo or Ojizo-sama. In Thailand and Laos, a <i>bhikkhu</i> named Phra Malai is often associated with Kshitigarbha due to their similar qualities, where he descends to Hell to teach and comfort the suffering hell-beings.
Empress Jingu was consort to Emperor Chuai (notionally 192 – 200 CE), she also served as Regent from the time of her husband's death in 209 until her son Emperor Ōjin acceded to the throne in 269. No firm dates can be assigned to this historical figure's life or reign.<br/><br/>

Jingū is regarded by historians as a 'legendary' figure because of the paucity of information about her. Legend has it that she led an army in an invasion of Korea and returned to Japan victorious after three years. However, this theory is widely rejected even in Japan as there is no evidence of Japanese rule in any part of Korea at this early period.<br/><br/>

Some believe that Empress Jingū's conquest is only based on the Gwanggaeto Stele (in Jilin, China). But the legend of Jingū's invasion of the Korean peninsula also appears in the ancient Japanese chronicles <i>Kojiki</i> written in 680 and <i>Nihon Shoki</i> written in 720.