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Xi Jinping (born 15 June 1953) is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States, as well as the first African American to hold the office.<br/><br/> Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he served as president of the Harvard Law Review.
Norodom Sihanouk (born 31 October 1922) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 until his retirement and voluntary abdication on 7 October 2004 in favour of his son, the current King Norodom Sihamoni.<br/><br/> Following his abdication he was known as The King-Father of Cambodia, a position in which he retained many of his former responsibilities as constitutional monarch. He died of a heart attack in Beijing, China, on October 15, 2012.
Buddhism in the Maldives was the predominant religion at least until the 12th century CE. It is not clear how Buddhism was introduced into the islands although there are a number of competing theories. The predominant view is that it was introduced with the expansion of the Sinhalese people from neighboring Sri Lanka who are predominantly Buddhist.<br/><br/> In February 2012, a group of Islamic extremists forced their way into the National Museum in Male and attacked the museum's collection of pre-Islamic sculptures, destroying or severely damaging nearly the entire collection about thirty Hindu and Buddhist sculptures dating from the 6th to 12th centuries.<br/><br/> Museum staff indicated that as the sculptures were made from very brittle coral or limestone it would be impossible to repair most of them, and only two or three pieces were in a repairable condition.
Yitzhak Shamir (born Yitzhak Yezernitsky; October 22, 1915 – June 30, 2012) was an Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983–84 and 1986–1992. Before the establishment of the State of Israel, Shamir was a leader of the Zionist terrorist group Lehi (the Stern Gang).<br/><br/> As a leader of the Stern Gang, Shamir both authorised and helped organise the assassination of the United Nations Mediator in Palestine Swedish Count Folke Bernadotte in September, 1948.<br/><br/> After the establishment of the State of Israel he served in the Mossad between 1955 and 1965, a Knesset Member, a Knesset Speaker and a Foreign Affairs Minister. Shamir was the country's third longest-serving prime minister after David Ben-Gurion and Benjamin Netanyahu.
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) served as the 44th President of the United States (2009 - 2017), as well as the first African American to hold the office.<br/><br/> William Jefferson 'Bill' Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Clinton was Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and 1983 to 1992, and Arkansas Attorney General from 1977 to 1979.
An image showing the Korean peninsula at night in the year 2012. A composite image, constructed using cloud-free night images taken by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite.<br/><br/> These photographs were taken with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and the composite was published by NASA on December 5, 2012.
Xi Jinping (Simplified Chinese 习近平, Traditional Chinese 習近平, pinyin: Xí Jìnpíng, born 15 June 1953) is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. As General Secretary, he is also an ex officio member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto top decision-making body.<br/><br/> Son of communist veteran Xi Zhongxun, Xi Jinping rose through the ranks politically in China's coastal provinces. He served as the Governor of Fujian between 1999 and 2002, then as Governor and CPC party chief of the neighboring Zhejiang between 2002 and 2007. Following the dismissal of Chen Liangyu, Xi was transferred to Shanghai as the party secretary for a brief period in 2007. Xi was promoted to the Politburo Standing Committee and Central Secretariat in October 2007 and was groomed to become Hu Jintao's successor.<br/><br/> Xi is now the leader of the People's Republic's fifth generation of leadership. He has called for a renewed campaign against corruption, continued market economic reforms, an open approach to governance, and a comprehensive national renewal under the neologism 'Chinese Dream'.
The 8888 Nationwide Popular Pro-Democracy Protests (also known as the People Power Uprising) were a series of marches, demonstrations, protests, and riots in the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma (today commonly known as Burma or Myanmar). Key events occurred on 8 August 1988, and therefore it is known as the 8888 Uprising.<br/><br/>Brigadier General Aung Gyi (Burmese: အောင်ကြီး [ʔàʊɴ dʑí]; 16 February 1919 – 25 October 2012) was a Burmese politician and a member of General Ne Win's 4th Burma Rifles rising to Brigadier General. He was born to a Burmese Chinese family in Paungde, British Burma in 1919.<br/><br/>He participated in the independence movement before World War II and joined the anti-Japanese struggle in 1945. He influenced the 1988 uprising by writing and widely distributing a series of open letters to Ne Win, in which he criticised the government's economic policies and human rights abuses.
Xi Jinping (born 15 June 1953) is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, the President of the People's Republic of China, and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission.
Yingluck Shinawatra (ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร, RTGS: Yinglak Chinnawat, born 21 June 1967) is a Thai politician, figurehead of the Pheu Thai Party, and Prime Minister of Thailand following the 2011 general election.<br/><br/> Born in Chiang Mai, Yingluck Shinawatra earned a bachelors degree from Chiang Mai University and a masters degree from Kentucky State University, both in public administration. She became an executive in the businesses founded by her elder brother, Thaksin Shinawatra, and later became the president of property developer SC Asset and managing director of Advanced Info Service. Meanwhile, her brother Thaksin became Prime Minister, was overthrown in a military coup, and went into self-imposed exile after a tribunal convicted him of abuse of power. In May 2011, the Pheu Thai Party, which maintained close ties to Thaksin, nominated Yingluck as their candidate for Prime Minister in the 2011 general election.<br/><br/> Election results indicated that Pheu Thai had won a landslide victory with 265 out of the 500 seats available in the House of Representatives of Thailand, making it only the second time in Thai political history that a single party won a parliamentary majority. Yingluck was Thailand's first female Prime Minister. She was dismissed by the Constitutional Court for corruption in 2014.
Benjamin 'Bibi' Netanyahu ( born 21 October 1949) is the current Prime Minister of Israel. He also currently serves as a member of the Knesset and Chairman of the Likud party.<br/><br/> Netanyahu has been elected Prime Minister of Israel four times, matching David Ben-Gurion's record. He is currently the second longest-serving Prime Minister in Israel's history after David Ben-Gurion, and upon the completion of his current term he will become the longest-serving Prime Minister in the history of Israel.
The Grand Monument on Mansu Hill (Mansudae) is a complex of monuments in Pyongyang, North Korea.<br/><br/> The central part of the monument are two 22 metre high bronze statues of North Korean leaders Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. Behind the statues is a wall of the Korean Revolution Museum building, displaying a mosaic mural showing a scene from Mount Paektu, considered to be the sacred mountain of revolution.<br/><br/> The monument was constructed in April 1972, then displaying only Kim Il-sung. Following the death of Kim Jong-il, a similar statue of him was erected on the left side of Kim Il-sung.
Aung San Suu Kyi (born June 19 1945) is a Burmese opposition politician and General Secretary of the National League for Democracy. In the 1990 general election, Suu Kyi was elected Prime Minister as leader of the winning National League for Democracy party, which won 59% of the vote and 394 of 492 seats. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections.<br/><br/> She remained under house arrest in Myanmar for almost 15 years until 2010. Suu Kyi was the recipient of the Rafto Prize and the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. In 1992 she was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding by the Government of India.
The 2012 Burmese by-elections were held on 1 April 2012. The elections were held to fill 45 vacant parliamentary seats.<br/><br/> The main opposition party National League for Democracy was re-registered for the by-elections on 13 December 2011 as part of the reforms in Burma since 2010. NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi ran in the seat of Kawhmu, which she won and her party won in 43 of the 44 seats they contested (of a total of 45).
Hu Jintao (胡锦涛), is the former paramount leader of China between 2002 and 2012. He held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party, President of the People's Republic and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. He was a member of the 14th to 17th CPC Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto top decision-making body.<br/><br/> Hu has been involved in the Communist party bureaucracy for most of his adult life, notably as Party secretary for Guizhou province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then later First secretary of the Central Secretariat and Vice-President under former leader Jiang Zemin. Hu is the first leader of the Communist Party without any significant revolutionary credentials. As such, his rise to the leadership represented China's transition of leadership from establishment communists to younger, more pragmatic technocrats.
Queen Mother Norodom Monineath was born on June 18, 1936, in Saigon, Vietnam. She was the wife of HM King Father Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia whom she married in April 1952.<br/><br/> She was born Paule-Monique Izzi and is sometimes referred to as Queen Monique. Her father, Jean-François Izzi, was a French banker of Corsican, French and Italian descent. Her mother, Pomme Peang, was from Phnom Penh.<br/><br/> She studied at the Primary School Norodom, Sisowath High School, and the Lycée René Descartes. She was President of the Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) towards the end of the 1960s, and is currently the CRC Honorary President.<br/><br/> On 22 February 1992, she was elevated by the King to the rank of Samdech Preah Cheayea. On 24 September 1993, she was again elevated to the rank of Samdech Preah Mohèsey Norodom Monineath of Cambodia. On 2 January 1996, the King elevated her to the rank of Samdech Preah Reach Akka Mohèsey Norodom Monineath. Apart from Khmer, HRH Norodom Monineath speaks French and English.
Pope Shenouda III, born Nazeer Gayed Roufail, 3 August 1923 – 17 March 2012, was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic Seat of Saint Mark the Evangelist of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria. He was also the head of the Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. He was a conservative figure within the Church, and also respected within the Muslim community.