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Herennius Etruscus (227-251) was the son of Emperor Decius Trajan and older brother of future Emperor Hostilian. Herennius was born in Pannonia during one of his father's military postings. He joined the army to fight alongside his father, and followed his father in his rebellion against Emperor Philip. Herennius became heir to the throne in 249.<br/><br/> When the Gothic tribes began raiding across the Danube frontier, Herennius' father raised him to the rank of co-emperor, and together they embarked on a campaign against the Goths, while Hostilian remained in Rome. It was during the fateful Battle of Abrittus that Herennius died in battle, struck by an enemy arrow.
Hostilian (230-251) was the second son of Emperor Trajan Decius and younger brother of Emperor Herennius Etruscus. He became an imperial prince after his father ascended to the throne, but was constantly in the shadow of his brother, who was heir.<br/><br/> After Decius and Herennius were killed during the Battle of Abrittus on the Danubian frontier in 251, the armies in the Danube declared respected General Trebonianus Gallus as emperor, while Rome acknowledged Hostilian as the heir. To avoid another civil war, Trebonianus adopted Hostilian and chose to respect Rome's will, the two becoming co-emperors.<br/><br/> Only a few months into their co-rule however, the Plague of Cyprian broke out across the Empire, and Hostilian died in the rapidly spreading epidemic, aged 21. Hostilian became the first emperor in 40 years to die of natural causes.
Trajan Decius (201-251 CE) was a distinguished senator and governor in the Roman Empire. When revolts and uprisings began occurring throughout the Empire in the last years of Philip the Arab's reign, Decius was sent to quell a revolt in the Balkan provinces of Moesia and Pannonia. After defeating the revolt, Decius was proclaimed Emperor by his troops, and he fought against and killed Philip in 249 CE, entering Rome and being recognised as Emperor by the Roman Senate.<br/><br/> As Emperor, Decius focused on defeating external threats to the Empire, as well as restoring public piety and strengthening the State religion, which involved the persecution of Christians as well as an Imperial edict declaring all citizens make a sacrifice for the Emperor and Empire every year on a certain day.<br/><br/> A renewed incursion by the Goths forced Decius to march and confront them in battle, alongside his son and co-emperor, Herennius Etruscus. During the decisive Battle of Abritus, Etruscus was killed early on by an arrow, and Decius was himself later killed on the field of battle, when his entire army was entangled and annihilated in a swamp. Decius and his son were the first two Roman Emperors to be officially recorded dying in battle against a foreign enemy, with Gordian III's manner of death still debated.
Hostilian (230-251) was the second son of Emperor Trajan Decius and younger brother of Emperor Herennius Etruscus. He became an imperial prince after his father ascended to the throne, but was constantly in the shadow of his brother, who was heir.<br/><br/> After Decius and Herennius were killed during the Battle of Abrittus on the Danubian frontier in 251, the armies in the Danube declared respected General Trebonianus Gallus as emperor, while Rome acknowledged Hostilian as the heir. To avoid another civil war, Trebonianus adopted Hostilian and chose to respect Rome's will, the two becoming co-emperors.<br/><br/> Only a few months into their co-rule however, the Plague of Cyprian broke out across the Empire, and Hostilian died in the rapidly spreading epidemic, aged 21. Hostilian became the first emperor in 40 years to die of natural causes.<br/><br/>
Trajan Decius (201-251) was a distinguished senator and governor in the Roman Empire. When revolts and uprisings began occurring throughout the Empire in the last years of Philip the Arab's reign, Decius was sent to quell a revolt in the Balkan provinces of Moesia and Pannonia. After defeating the revolt, Decius was proclaimed Emperor by his troops, and he fought against and killed Philip in 249, entering Rome and being recognised as Emperor by the Roman Senate.<br/><br/> As Emperor, Decius focused on defeating external threats to the Empire, as well as restoring public piety and strengthening the State religion, which involved the persecution of Christians as well as an Imperial edict declaring all citizens make a sacrifice for the Emperor and Empire every year on a certain day.<br/><br/> A renewed incursion by the Goths forced Decius to march and confront them in battle, alongside his son and co-emperor, Herennius Etruscus. During the decisive Battle of Abritus, Etruscus was killed early on by an arrow, and Decius was himself later killed on the field of battle, when his entire army was entangled and annihilated in a swamp. Decius and his son were the first two Roman Emperors to be officially recorded dying in battle against a foreign enemy, with Gordian III's manner of death still debated.
China: King Ajatasaru, his Queen and his Minister Varshakara. Mural from the Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves, Xinjiang, c. 251-403 CE.<br/><br/> The Kizil Caves (also romanized Qizil Caves, spelling variant Qyzyl; Uyghur: Qizil Ming Öy; Chinese: 克孜尔千佛洞; pinyin: Kèzīěr Qiānfú Dòng; literally 'Kizil Cave of a Thousand Buddhas') are a set of 236 Buddhist rock-cut caves located near Kizil Township (克孜尔乡) in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, China. The site is located on the northern bank of the Muzat River 75 kilometres (by road) northwest of Kucha (Kuqa). This area was a commercial hub of the Silk Road.