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Tokuda Kyuichi (September 12, 1894 - October 14, 1953) was a Japanese politician and served as first chairman of the Japanese Communist Party form 1945 until his death in 1953. He was born in Okinawa in 1894, and became a lawyer in 1920 before joining the Japanese Communist Party in 1922.<br/><br/> Tokuda was arrested in 1928 on suspicion of violating the government's Peace Preservation Law, spending the next 18 years in prison, occupying a cell next to fellow Communist leader Yoshio Shiga. He was released with the end of World War II and the collapse of Imperial Japan in 1945, and was elected in 1946 to the House of Representatives.<br/><br/> While giving a speech in 1948, Tokuda survived an assassination attempt when a dynamite-laden soda bottle was thrown at his feet. He became second-in-command of the Communist Party by 1950, but he was purged from politics under the Allied occupation. He was exiled to China, where he died in 1953.
U Thant ( January 22, 1909 – November 25, 1974) was a Burmese diplomat and the third Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971.<br/><br/> A native of Pantanaw, Thant was educated at the National High School and at Rangoon University. In the days of tense political climate in Burma, he held moderate views positioning himself between fervent nationalists and British loyalists. He was a close friend of Burma's first Prime Minister U Nu and served various positions in Nu's cabinet from 1948 to 1961.<br/><br/> He was appointed as Secretary-General in 1961 when his predecessor, Dag Hammarskjöld died in an air crash. In his first term, Thant facilitated negotiations between U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev during the Cuban missile crisis, thereby narrowly averting the possibility of a global catastrophe. In December 1962, Thant ordered the Operation Grand Slam which ended secessionist insurgency in Congo. He was reappointed as Secretary-General on 2nd December 1966 by a unanimous vote of the Security Council. In his second term, Thant was well-known for publicly criticizing American conduct in the Vietnam War. He oversaw the entry of several newly independent African and Asian states into UN. Thant refused to serve a third term and retired in 1971.<br/><br/> Thant died of lung cancer in 1974. A devout Buddhist and the foremost Burmese diplomat who served on the international stage, Thant was widely admired and held in great respect by the Burmese populace. When the military government refused him any honors, riots broke out in Rangoon. But they were violently crushed by the government, leaving tens of casualties.
Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, political activist, biographer, and literary critic. He was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology, and one of the leading figures in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism.<br/><br/> Simone de Beauvoir (9 January 1908 – 14 April 1986), was a French writer, intellectual, existentialist philosopher, political activist, feminist and social theorist. Though she did not consider herself a philosopher, she had a significant influence on both feminist existentialism and feminist theory.
Zhu De was a Chinese Communist military leader and statesman. He is regarded as the founder of the Chinese Red Army (the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army) and the tactician who engineered the victory of the People's Republic of China during the Chinese Civil War.<br/><br/> Soong Ch'ing-ling, Shanghai, 1920 (pinyin: Song Qingling, 27 January 1893 – 29 May 1981), also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the three Soong sisters who, along with their husbands, were amongst China's most significant political figures of the early 20th century. She was the Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China. She was the first non-royal woman to officially become head of state of China, acting as Co-Chairman of the Republic from 1968 until 1972.<br/><br/> She again became head of state in 1981, briefly before her death, as President of China. Soong is sometimes regarded as Asia's first female non-monarchial head of state, although her title of Honorary President of the People's Republic of China was purely ceremonial.
Liu Shaoqi (Liu Shao-ch'i, 24 November 1898 – 12 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary, statesman, and theorist. He was Chairman of the People's Republic of China, China's head of state, from 27 April 1959 to 31 October 1968, during which he implemented policies of economic reconstruction in China.<br/><br/> Zhou Enlai was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from October 1949 until his death in January 1976.<br/><br/> Zhu De was a Chinese Communist military leader and statesman. He is regarded as the founder of the Chinese Red Army (the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army) and the tactician who engineered the victory of the People's Republic of China during the Chinese Civil War.
Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state located in the Himalayan mountains. The state is bordered by Nepal to the west, China's Tibet Autonomous Region to the north and east, and Bhutan to the east. The Indian state of West Bengal lies to the south.<br/><br/> According to legend, the Buddhist guru Padmasambhava visited Sikkim in the 8th century CE, introduced Buddhism and foretold the era of the Sikkimese monarchy. Sikkim's Namgyal dynasty was established in 1642. Over the next 150 years, the kingdom witnessed frequent raids and territorial losses to Nepalese invaders. In the 19th century, it allied itself with British India, eventually becoming a British protectorate. In 1975, a referendum abolished the Sikkimese monarchy, and the territory was merged with India.
Khieu Samphan (born July 27, 1931) was the president of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state and was one of the most powerful officials in the Khmer Rouge movement, though Pol Pot was the group's true political leader and held the most extensive power.<br/><br/> Ne Win (born on 24 May or 14 May 1911 or 10 July 1910 – 5 December 2002) was a politician and military commander. He was Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974 and also head of state from 1962 to 1981. He also was the founder and from 1963 to 1988 the chairman of the Burma Socialist Programme Party, which from 1964 until 1988 was the sole political party in the Burmese nation state.
Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramintharamaha Prajadhipok Phra Pok Klao Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาประชาธิปกฯ พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama VII (8 November 1893 – 30 May 1941) was the seventh monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri. He was the last absolute monarch and the first constitutional monarch of the country. His reign was a turbulent time for Siam due to huge political and social changes during the Revolution of 1932. Also he was the only Siamese monarch to abdicate.
Tan Son Nhut, Vietnam, 1968. A twelve year old Vietnamese ARVN Airborne trooper who had been 'adopted' by the Airborne Division, holding a M-79 grenade launcher. The picture was taken during a sweep of an Airborne Task Force Unit through the devastated area surrounding the French National Cemetery on Plantation Road after a day long battle there.
Son Sen (June 12, 1930 – June 10, 1997), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kampuchea, aka the Khmer Rouge, from 1974 to 1992, Son Sen oversaw the Party's security apparatus, including the Santebal secret police and the notorious security prison S-21 at Tuol Sleng. Son Sen was married to Yun Yat, who became the Party's Minister of Education and Information. Along with the rest of his family, he was killed on the orders of Pol Pot during a 1997 factional split in the Khmer Rouge at Anlong Veng.
Khe Sanh is the district capital of Hướng Hoá District, Quảng Trị Province, Vietnam, located 63 km west of Đông Hà.<br/><br/> Khe Sanh Combat Base was a United States Marine Corps outpost in South Vietnam (MGRS 48QXD850418) used during the Vietnam War. The airstrip was built in September 1962. Fighting began there in late April of 1967 known as the 'Hill Fights', which later expanded into the 1968 Battle of Khe Sanh. U.S. commanders hoped that the North Vietnamese Army would attempt to repeat their famous victory at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and the battle ended as a failure for the North Vietnamese Army. The defense of Khe Sanh became one of the largest sieges of the war and commanded heavy international attention in the media one of several climactic phases of the Tet Offensive. On July 5, 1968, Khe Sanh was abandoned, the U.S. Army citing the vulnerability of the base to enemy artillery. However, the closure permitted the 3rd Marine Division to construct mobile firebase operations along the northern border area.<br/><br/> In 1971, Khe Sanh was reactivated by the US Army (Operation Dewey Canyon II) to support Operation Lam Son 719, the South Vietnamese incursion into Laos. It was abandoned again sometime in 1972. In March 1973, American officials in Saigon reported that North Vietnamese troops had rebuilt the old airstrip at Khe Sanh and were using it for courier flights into the south. As of 2010, Khe Sanh Combat Base is a museum where relics of the war are exhibited. Most of the former base is now overgrown by wilderness or coffee and banana plants.
The Tet Offensive was a military campaign during the Second Indochina War that began on January 31, 1968. Forces of the National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (NLF, or Viet Cong), and the People's Army of Vietnam (the North Vietnamese army), fought against the forces of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, and their allies. The purpose of the offensive was to strike military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam and to spark a general uprising among the population that would then topple the Saigon government, thus ending the war in a single blow.
Khieu Ponnary (1920 - 1 July 2003) was the first wife of Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot, sister of Khieu Thirith and sister-in-law to Ieng Sary. She died in Pailin on July 1, 2003.<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria). Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide. Several former Khmer Rouge cadres are currently on trial for war crimes in Phnom Penh.
This is a rare picture of Nuon Chea, 'Brother No 2' and Pol Pot's closest confidant, during the Democratic Kampuchea period. Nuon Chea, aka Long Bunruot, was born in Battambang Province in 1926. A Sino-Khmer, originally named Lau Ben Kon, he studied at Bangkok's Thammasat University before going on to become the most secretive and ruthless Khmer Rouge theoretician.
Jean Sainteny or Jean Roger (May 29, 1907—February 25, 1978) was a French politician who was sent to Vietnam after the end of the Second World War in order to accept the surrender of the Japanese forces and to attempt to reincorporate Vietnam into French Indochina. He reached an agreement with Ho which would have kept Vietnam in the Union francaise. The agreement became ineffective after the bombing of Haiphong ordered by the High Commissioner Thierry d'Argenlieu
Khmer Rouge Leadership: Son Sen (left, spectacles), Ieng Sary (gesturing and talking to Son Sen) and Nuon Chea in a line at Pochentong Airport, Phnom Penh, c.1977. This is a rare picture of Nuon Chea, 'Brother No 2' and Pol Pot's closest confidant, from the Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge) period.
Ngo Dinh Diem, accompanied by U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, arrives at Washington National Airport in 1957. Diem is shown shaking the hand of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
Henry Robinson Luce (April 3, 1898 – February 28, 1967), an American magazine magnate, was called 'the most influential private citizen in the America of his day'. He launched and closely supervised a stable of magazines that transformed journalism and the reading habits of upscale Americans.<br/><br/><i>Time</i> summarized and interpreted the week's news; <i>Life</i> was a picture magazine of politics, culture, and society that dominated American visual perceptions in the era before television; <i>Fortune</i> explored in depth the economy and the world of business, introducing to executives avant-garde ideas such as Keynesianism; and <i>Sports Illustrated</i> which probed beneath the surface of the game to explore the motivations and strategies of the teams and key players.<br/><br/> Add in his radio projects and newsreels, and Luce created the first multimedia corporation. Luce was born in China to missionary parents. Luce envisaged that the United States would achieve world hegemony, and, in 1941, he declared the 20th century would be the 'American Century'.
Khmer Rouge Leadership: Pol Pot = Brother No 1, Nuon Chea = Brother No 2, Ieng Sary = Brother No 3. Son Sen, Vorn Vet.
Pol Pot (centre, front) followed by Khieu Samphan (centre right) and Nuon Chea (rear, right).<br/><br/> The Khmer Rouge, or Communist Party of Kampuchea, ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen and Khieu Samphan. It is remembered primarily for its brutality and policy of social engineering which resulted in millions of deaths. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the deaths of thousands from treatable diseases (such as malaria).<br/><br/> Brutal and arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1976 and 1978, are considered to have constituted a genocide.