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The 1931 China floods or the 1931 Yellow River floods were a series of devastating floods that occurred in the Republic of China.<br/><br/> The floods are generally considered among one of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded. Estimates of the total death toll range from 145,000 to between 3.7 million and 4 million. The Zhenfeng Pagoda was originally built in 1570 during the Ming Dynasty. Due to its location near a bend in the Yangtze River, the pagoda was formerly used as a lighthouse, and contains niches for lanterns.[ After construction, the pagoda was initially called the 'Ten-thousand Buddha' pagoda due to its interior containing over six hundred statues of the Buddha.
He Fenglin graduated from the Beiyang Military Academy then he entered the New Army. In May 1912 He Fenglin was promoted to Commander of the 8th Brigade of the 4th Division. After the death of Yuan Shikai, He Fenglin joined the Anhui clique commander Lu Yongxiang. Later He participated in the Fengtian clique. When Zhang Zuolin became Generalissimo, He Fenglin was made Supreme Commander of the Model Army Corps of the Anguojun ('Peaceful Country Army'). After the Beijing Government collapsed, He Fenglin escaped to the Northeast. In 1931 he was appointed Chief of the Council of the Commander‐in‐Chief's Office, Northeast Border Defence Army. He Fenglin died in 1935.
Duan Qirui (Chinese: 段祺瑞; pinyin: Duàn Qíruì; Wade–Giles: Tuan Ch'i-jui) (6 March 1865 - November 2, 1936) was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China (in Beijing) from November 24, 1924 to April 20; 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.