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Ashurbanipal (685 BCE – c. 627 BCE), also spelled Assurbanipal or Ashshurbanipal, was an Assyrian king, the son of Esarhaddon and the last great king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (668 BCE – c. 627 BCE). He established the first systematically organized library in the ancient Middle East, the Library of Ashurbanipal, which survives in part today at Nineveh.<br/><br/> In the Bible he is called Asenappar (Ezra 4:10). Roman historian Justinus identified him as Sardanapalus.