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The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisicion espanola), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. The regulation of the faith of the newly converted was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert or leave Spain.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century.
Avraham Stern or Avraham Shtern, alias Yair (born in Suwalki, PolandDecember 23, 1907 – February 12, 1942) was one of the leaders of the Jewish paramilitary organization Irgun.<br/><br/> In September 1940, he founded a breakaway militant Zionist group named Lehi a Hebrew acronym for Lohamei Herut Israel, meaning 'Fighters for the Freedom of Israel', in September 1940. Lehi was better known as the 'Stern Gang' by the British authorities and by the mainstream in the Yishuv Jewish establishment.
The Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN; Vietnamese: Lục quân Việt Nam Cộng hòa), also known as the South Vietnamese Army (SVA), were the ground forces of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, the armed forces of South Vietnam, which existed from 1955 until the Fall of Saigon in 1975. It is estimated to have suffered 1,394,000 casualties (killed and wounded) during the Vietnam War.<br/><br/> After the fall of Saigon to the invading North Vietnamese Army (NVA), the ARVN was dissolved. While some high-ranking officers had fled the country to the United States or elsewhere, thousands of former ARVN officers were sent to reeducation camps by the communist government of the new, unified Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
One of a pair of original unsigned gouache drawings; wife of general seated outside tent near staff with shield and banner of rank, kneeling attendant at right.
Shanghai began life as a fishing village, and later as a port receiving goods carried down the Yangzi River. From 1842 onwards, in the aftermath of the first Opium War, the British opened a ‘concession’ in Shanghai where drug dealers and other traders could operate undisturbed. French, Italians, Germans, Americans and Japanese all followed. By the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai was a boom town and an international byword for dissipation. When the Communists won power in 1949, they transformed Shanghai into a model of the Revolution.
Shanghai began life as a fishing village, and later as a port receiving goods carried down the Yangzi River. From 1842 onwards, in the aftermath of the first Opium War, the British opened a ‘concession’ in Shanghai where drug dealers and other traders could operate undisturbed. French, Italians, Germans, Americans and Japanese all followed. By the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai was a boom town and an international byword for dissipation. When the Communists won power in 1949, they transformed Shanghai into a model of the Revolution.
Shanghai began life as a fishing village, and later as a port receiving goods carried down the Yangzi River. From 1842 onwards, in the aftermath of the first Opium War, the British opened a ‘concession’ in Shanghai where drug dealers and other traders could operate undisturbed. French, Italians, Germans, Americans and Japanese all followed. By the 1920s and 1930s, Shanghai was a boom town and an international byword for dissipation. When the Communists won power in 1949, they transformed Shanghai into a model of the Revolution.
One of a pair of original unsigned gouache drawings; general holding spear seated outside tent with shield and standard-banner on tent pole, standard-bearer standing at left with command-flag.
Zu Miao (Ancestral Temple) was built during the reign of Emperor Zhezong (1076 - 1100 CE), the 7th emperor of the Song Dynasty (960 - 1276 CE). The temple is dedicated to Beidi, the Northern God, who is said to have power over the waters of Guangdong.<br/><br/> Foshan dates back to the 7th century CE and has been famous for its ceramics, porcelain and pottery industry since the Song Dynasty. It is also famous for its martial arts. It contains numerous Wing Chun schools where many come to train and spar.
Bo Sang, near the northern Thai city of Chiang Mai, is famous for its hand-made brightly colored umbrellas and parasols. Once a year, in late January, the Bo Sang Umbrella and San Kamphaeng Handicrafts Festival is held in the town.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning 'new city'), sometimes written as 'Chiengmai' or 'Chiangmai', is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Wat Sri Chum (Si Chum) dates from the 16th century. Phrae was built next to the Yom River in the 12th century and was part of the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai. In 1443, King Tilokaraj of the neighbouring Lanna kingdom captured the town.
Wat Sri Chum (Si Chum) dates from the 16th century. Phrae was built next to the Yom River in the 12th century and was part of the Mon kingdom of Haripunchai. In 1443, King Tilokaraj of the neighbouring Lanna kingdom captured the town.
Map of the seven hoshuu (banners) of the Altai Urianhai, created in 1928 in Mongolia. Material is Chinese paper, original size is 77x95 cm. The southwestern part now belongs to Xinjiang, China, the northeastern and eastern parts to Bayan-Ogii and Hovd aimags in Mongolia.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
Giant sand chedis are built in many temples around the time of the annual songkran water festival. People bring handfuls of sand to their local temple and it is then sculpted into a sand chedi. The sand brought is symbolic of the sand and dirt carried away from the temple on the soles of visitors feet during the preceding year.<br/><br/> Songkran is the traditional Thai New Year and is celebrated from 13th to 15th April. This annual water festival, known in Thai as 'songkran,' and in Burmese as 'thingyan' marks the beginning of the rainy season and is celebrated in Burma, Laos, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, usually in April.<br/><br/> Chiang Mai (meaning "new city"), sometimes written as "Chiengmai" or "Chiangmai", is the largest and most culturally significant city in northern Thailand. King Mengrai founded the city of Chiang Mai in 1296, and it succeeded Chiang Rai as capital of the Lanna kingdom.
T. Enami (Enami Nobukuni, 1859 – 1929) was the trade name of a celebrated Meiji period photographer. The T. of his trade name is thought to have stood for Toshi, though he never spelled it out on any personal or business document.<br/><br/> Born in Edo (now Tokyo) during the Bakumatsu era, Enami was first a student of, and then an assistant to the well known photographer and collotypist, Ogawa Kazumasa. Enami relocated to Yokohama, and opened a studio on Benten-dōri (Benten Street) in 1892. Just a few doors away from him was the studio of the already well known Tamamura Kozaburō. He and Enami would work together on at least three related projects over the years.<br/><br/> Enami became quietly unique as the only photographer of that period known to work in all popular formats, including the production of large-format photographs compiled into what are commonly called "Yokohama Albums". Enami went on to become Japan's most prolific photographer of small-format images such as the stereoview and glass lantern-slides. The best of these were delicately hand-tinted.