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Spain / France / Maghreb: Isabel of Bourbon is portrayed on an Andalusian horse. Oil on canvas painting by Diego Velazquez (1599-1660), c. 1635.<br/><br/> Isabella of Bourbon / Elisabeth of France (1602-1644) was Queen Consort of Spain and Portugal, and was married to King Philip V of Spain. She briefly served as regent during the Catalan Revolt in 1640-1642, and once again in 1643-1644.<br/><br/> The Andalusian horse was a crossbreed of the North African Barb and the Spanish horse, which was developed at the Umayyad court in Cordoba and was the preferred mount of many European royals.
During the period of Arab expansion into North Africa, cavalry was often mounted on small, agile horses called ‘Berbers’, or ‘Barbs’. Known for speed, endurance and courage in war, the Barb was an important component of the Arab forces.
The sport of falconry was introduced to Algeria and the Maghreb by the Arabs over 1,000 years ago and was a favorite pastime of royalty and nobility. During the period of Arab expansion into North Africa, cavalry was often mounted on small, agile horses called ‘Berbers’, or ‘Barbs’.
In the mid-17th century 'Barbar Coast' vessels were active throughout the Western Mediterranean. Their raiding prompted decisive counter measures by the Dutch and the English.
Algeria: Bombardment of Algiers by the Anglo-Dutch fleet, (August 26-27, 1816). Oil on canvas painting by Martinus Schouman (1770 - 1848), 1823. The Bombardment of Algiers was an attempt by Britain to end the slavery practices of the Dey of Algiers. An Anglo-Dutch fleet under the command of Admiral Lord Exmouth bombarded ships and the harbour defences of Algiers.<br/><br/> Although there was a continuing campaign by various European and the American navies to suppress the piracy against Europeans by the North African Barbary states, the specific aim of this expedition was to free Christian slaves and to stop the practice of enslaving Europeans. To this end, it was partially successful as the Dey of Algiers freed around 3,000 slaves following the bombardment and signed a treaty against the slavery of Europeans. However, the cessation of slavery did not last long.