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Japan: 'One of the Bodyguard'. Chemigraph from series 'Military Costumes in Old Japan' by Kazumasa Ogawa (1860-1929), 1893, Tokyo. Ogawa Kazumasa, also known as Ogawa Kazuma or Ogawa Isshin, was a Japanese photographer, chemigrapher, printer and publisher of the Meiji era. He was a pioneer in photomechanical printing and photography, and was born into the Matsudaira samurai clan, where he studied English and photography at the age of 15.
The Aceh War, also known as the Dutch War or the Infidel War (1873–1914), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United Kingdom in Singapore during early 1873.<br/><br/> The war was part of a series of conflicts in the late 19th century that consolidated Dutch rule over modern-day Indonesia.<br/><br/> Sultan Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II (1864 – 6 February 1939) was the thirty-fifth and last sultan of Aceh in northern Sumatra. He reigned from 1875 to 1903 in opposition to the Dutch colonial state. He surrendered to the Dutch in 1903.<br/><br/> The Dutch provided the sultan with a comfortable house and a monthly allowance of 1,200 guilders. In 1907 it was revealed that the sultan had secretly helped plan attacks on Dutch positions. The colonial authorities therefore resolved to exile him to Java and from thence to Ambon. In 1918 he was allowed to settle in Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) in Batavia (Jakarta). The ex-sultan died there on 6 February 1939 and is buried in Rawamangun.
The Janissaries were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards and the first standing army in Europe. The corps was most likely established during the reign of Murad I (1362–89).
San Francisco's Chinatown was the port of entry for early Hoisanese and Zhongshanese Chinese immigrants from the Guangdong province of southern China from the 1850s to the 1900s. The area was the one geographical region deeded by the city government and private property owners which allowed Chinese persons to inherit and inhabit dwellings within the city.<br/><br/> The majority of these Chinese shopkeepers, restaurant owners, and hired workers in San Francisco Chinatown were predominantly Hoisanese and male. Many Chinese found jobs working for large companies seeking a source of labor, most famously as part of the Central Pacific on the Transcontinental Railroad. Other early immigrants worked as mine workers or independent prospectors hoping to strike it rich during the 1849 Gold Rush.
Charles Thomas Scowen (11 March 1852 - 24 November 1948) was a British photographer active during the late nineteenth century, primarily from 1871-1890. He worked out of Sri Lanka and British India with his own established studio, Scowen & Co. His first studio was in Kandy, but he had opened a second in Colombo by the 1890s. His photos were famed for their lighting, strong compositional qualities and technically superior printing.
Velupillai Prabhakaran ( November 26, 1954 – May 19, 2009 was the founder and leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE or the Tamil Tigers), a militant organization that sought to create an independent Tamil state in the north and east of Sri Lanka. For over 25 years, the LTTE waged a violent secessionist campaign in Sri Lanka that led to it being designated a terrorist organization by 32 countries. Prabhakaran was wanted by Interpol for terrorism, murder, organized crime and terrorism conspiracy. On May 18, 2009, the Sri Lankan Government announced that Prabhakaran had been killed while trying to escape advancing Sri Lanka Army troops in the north of the country; a week later Tamil Tiger spokesman Selvarasa Pathmanathan, admitted that Prabhakaran had died on May 17, 2009.
The 'Giant of Yunnan' was an unusually tall and large man from Yunnan in southwest China who featured in several contemporaneous photographs by European travellers. The figure by his side is a Yunnanese dwarf or midget. The 'giant' appears to be wearing official yamen uniform and probably worked as a guard or bodyguard for a local official.
Two bodyguards of Muhammad Yaqub Beg, Amir of Kashgar 1867-77. They are probably ethnic Uzbeks from Khokand or Andijan, but may also be local Uighurs.