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Initiated around 1470-1475, the illumination of the <i>Book of Hours of Luis de Laval</i> was taken up again and continued between 1485 and 1489.<br/><br/> Luis de Laval, Lord of Chatillon, bequeathed the book to Anne de France, Duchess of Bourbon. Later on, it became part of the royal collections immediately after the assets of the Constable of Bourbon were confiscated.<br/><br/> Circumcision was enjoined upon the biblical patriarch Abraham, his descendants and their slaves as 'a token of the covenant' concluded with him by God for all generations, as an 'everlasting covenant'.<br/><br/> Sahih al-Bukhari and ibn Muslim quote from the Prophet Muhammad that the Prophet Abraham performed his own circumcision at the age of eighty.
According to Christian legend, Mary and Joseph took their new son, Jesus, to the Temple in Jerusalem where two people immediately recognized him as the Messiah, the son of God. One was an old man called Simeon; the other was a pious old woman named Anna.<br/><br/> In the Middle Ages, Anna was often included in portrayals of the presentation at the Temple or the Circumcision. Here, Rembrandt van Rijn show St. Anna reading a Hebrew bible.
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Murad III (4 July 1546—15/16 January 1595) was the eldest son of Sultan Selim II (1566–74), and succeeded his father in 1574. Murad began his reign by having his five younger brothers strangled. His authority was undermined by the harem influences, more specifically, those of his mother and later of his favorite wife Safiye Sultan. The power had only been maintained under Selim II by the genius of the all-powerful Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokollu who remained in office until his assassination in October 1579. The reign of Murad III was marked by wars with Safavids and Habsburgs and Ottoman economic decline and institutional decay.
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Murad III (4 July 1546—15/16 January 1595) was the eldest son of Sultan Selim II (1566–74), and succeeded his father in 1574. Murad began his reign by having his five younger brothers strangled. His authority was undermined by the harem influences, more specifically, those of his mother and later of his favorite wife Safiye Sultan. The power had only been maintained under Selim II by the genius of the all-powerful Grand Vizier Mehmed Sokollu who remained in office until his assassination in October 1579. The reign of Murad III was marked by wars with Safavids and Habsburgs and Ottoman economic decline and institutional decay.
The lingam, or linga, meaning 'mark' or 'sign', represents the penis and is an aniconic representation of the Hindu deity Shiva used for worship in temples. Although most Hindu sculpted images (murtis) are anthropomorphic, the aniconic Shiva linga is an important exception. The lingam is often represented with the Yoni, the aniconic symbol of the goddess.