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Thanaka (also spelt thanakha) is a yellowish-white cosmetic paste made from ground bark. It is a distinctive feature of Myanmar (formerly Burma) seen commonly applied to the face and sometimes the arms of women and girls and to a lesser extent men and boys. The use of thanaka has also spread to neighboring countries including Thailand.<br/><br/> The earliest literary reference to thanaka is in a 14th century poem written by Mon-speaking King Razadarit's consort. Mentions of thanaka also exist in the 15th century literary works of Burmese monk-poet Shin Maharatthasara (1486-1529).<br/><br/> The wood of several trees may be used to produce thanaka cream; these trees grow abundantly in central Myanmar. They include principally <i>Murraya spp.</i> (<i>thanaka</i>), but also <i>Limonia acidissima</i> (<i>theethee</i> or wood apple).<br/><br/> Thanaka trees are perennials, and a tree must be at least 35 years old before it is considered mature enough to yield good-quality cuttings. Thanaka in its natural state is sold as small logs individually or in bundles, but nowadays also available as a paste or in powder form.<br/><br/> Thanaka cream has been used by Burmese women for over 2000 years. It has a fragrant scent somewhat similar to sandalwood. The creamy paste is applied to the face in attractive designs, the most common form being a circular patch on each cheek, sometimes made stripey with the fingers known as <i>thanaka bè gya</i>, or patterned in the shape of a leaf, often also highlighting the bridge of the nose with it at the same time.
'Vanishing Cream' is a low- to heavy-viscosity topical preparation intended for application to unbroken skin.
Postcard characteristic of 'old Shanghai' in the 1920-1940s, a trend started by American newspaperman Carl Crow who lived in Shanghai between 1911 and 1937, starting the first Western advertising agency in the city and creating much of what is thought of today as the 'sexy China Girl' poster and calendar advertisements.<br/><br/> In today's more liberal China, these are making a comeback and are widely considered minor works of art characteristic of 'Old Shanghai'.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetics firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, Japanese graphic design as represented in advertsing posters, magazine covers and book covers underwent a series of changes characterised by increasing Western influence, a growing middle class, industrialisation and militarisation, as well as (initially) left wing political ideals and (subsequently) right wing nationalism and the influence of European Fascist art forms.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
'Hanatsubaki' is a monthly cultural magazine issued by Shiseido. It was first issued in 1937. Although it was temporarily discontinued out of necessity for a period of time during and after World War II, it resumed printing in June 1950, 10 years after the discontinuation.<br/><br/> A popular actress, Kyoko Kagawa of Shintoho Pictures, appeared on the first cover after printing was resumed.<br/><br/> Since 2007, the magazine alternately issued 'Miru Hanatsubaki', in which fashion, beauty, art, and culture were vividly expressed on color pages, and 'Yomu Hanatsubaki', in which various reading materials such as novels were included. However, these 2 forms were unified, and the magazine has once again been issued as 'Hanatsubaki' starting in 2012, which was Shiseido’s 140th anniversary and the magazine’s 75th anniversary.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, Japanese graphic design as represented in advertsing posters, magazine covers and book covers underwent a series of changes characterised by increasing Western influence, a growing middle class, industrialisation and militarisation, as well as (initially) left wing political ideals and (subsequently) right wing nationalism and the influence of European Fascist art forms.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
'Hanatsubaki' is a monthly culturalmagazine issued by Shiseido. It was first issued in 1937. Although it was temporarily discontinued out of necessity for a period of time during and after World War II, it resumed printing in June 1950, 10 years after the discontinuation.<br/><br/> The new 'Hanatsubaki' reflected increasing contemporaneous American cultural and social influence on Japanese society, as evinced in this cover for April, 1954.<br/><br/> Since 2007, the magazine alternately issued 'Miru Hanatsubaki', in which fashion, beauty, art, and culture were vividly expressed on color pages, and 'Yomu Hanatsubaki', in which various reading materials such as novels were included. However, these 2 forms were unified, and the magazine has once again been issued as 'Hanatsubaki' starting in 2012, which was Shiseido’s 140th anniversary and the magazine’s 75th anniversary.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Between the end of the First World War in 1918 and the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, Japanese graphic design as represented in advertsing posters, magazine covers and book covers underwent a series of changes characterised by increasing Western influence, a growing middle class, industrialisation and militarisation, as well as (initially) left wing political ideals and (subsequently) right wing nationalism and the influence of European Fascist art forms.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Advertisement characteristic of 'old Shanghai' in the 1920-1940s, a trend started by American newspaperman Carl Crow who lived in Shanghai between 1911 and 1937, starting the first Western advertising agency in the city and creating much of what is thought of today as the 'sexy China Girl' poster and calendar advertisements.<br/><br/> In today's more liberal China, these are making a comeback and are widely considered minor works of art characteristic of 'Old Shanghai'.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetics firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Shiseido is a Japanese hair care and cosmetics producer. It is one of the oldest cosmetics companies in the world.<br/><br/> Founded in 1872, it celebrated its 140th anniversary in 2012. It is the largest cosmetic firm in Japan and the fourth largest cosmetics company in the world.
Advertisement characteristic of 'old Shanghai' in the 1920-1940s, a trend started by American newspaperman Carl Crow who lived in Shanghai between 1911 and 1937, starting the first Western advertising agency in the city and creating much of what is thought of today as the 'sexy China Girl' poster and calendar advertisements.<br/><br/> In today's more liberal China, these are making a comeback and are widely considered minor works of art characteristic of 'Old Shanghai'.
Advertisement characteristic of 'old Shanghai' in the 1920-1940s, a trend started by American newspaperman Carl Crow who lived in Shanghai between 1911 and 1937, starting the first Western advertising agency in the city and creating much of what is thought of today as the 'sexy China Girl' poster and calendar advertisements.<br/><br/> In today's more liberal China, these are making a comeback and are widely considered minor works of art characteristic of 'Old Shanghai'.
International attention to Shanghai grew in the 19th century due to its economic and trade potential at the Yangtze River. During the First Opium War (1839–1842), British forces temporarily held the city. The war ended with the 1842 Treaty of Nanjing, opening Shanghai and other ports to international trade. In 1863, the British settlement, located to the south of Suzhou creek (Huangpu district), and the American settlement, to the north of Suzhou creek (Hongkou district), joined in order to form the International Settlement.<br/><br/> The French opted out of the Shanghai Municipal Council, and maintained its own French Concession. Citizens of many countries and all continents came to Shanghai to live and work during the ensuing decades; those who stayed for long periods called themselves 'Shanghailanders'. In the 1920s and 30s, some 20,000 so-called White Russians and Russian Jews fled the newly established Soviet Union and took up residence in Shanghai. By 1932, Shanghai had become the world's fifth largest city and home to 70,000 foreigners.