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Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: <i>Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion</i>), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (<i>Inquisicion espanola</i>), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. The regulation of the faith of the newly converted was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert or leave Spain.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century.
Diu town was historically part of the Saurashtra region of Gujarat and an important port on the trade routes of the Arabian sea and Indian Ocean.<br/><br/> In 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat, concluded a defensive alliance with the Portuguese against the Mughal emperor Humayun, and allowed the Portuguese to construct the Diu Fort and maintain a garrison on the island.<br/><br/> The alliance quickly unraveled, and attempts by the Sultans to oust the Portuguese from Diu between 1537 and 1546 failed. Having repented of his generosity, Bahadur Shah sought to recover Diu, but was defeated and killed by the Portuguese, followed by a period of war between them and the people of Gujarat.<br/><br/> From the 18th century, Diu declined in strategic importance, due to the development of Bombay.<br/><br/> Diu remained in the possession of the Portuguese from 1535 until 1961, when it fell to troops of the Indian Union, which invaded all of former Portuguese India under Operation Vijay.
A physician by training, in 1668 Dellon sailed to India with the Compaignie de Indes travelling by the way of Madagascar and the Seychelles, and for a time undertook a study of the flora and fauna of the Malabar coast. Dellon left the company in 1673 to set up his medical practice in the then Portuguese colony of Damao (Daman).<br/><br/> Unfortunately, for him, he made enemies of the Inquisition, was arrested shortly thereafter, and imprisoned for two years at Goa. This work, published with permission of Louis XIV is an expose of the Inquisition. First published in Leiden in 1687, it became an immediate bestseller.
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: <i>Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion</i>), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (<i>Inquisicion espanola</i>), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. The regulation of the faith of the newly converted was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert or leave Spain.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century.
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Spanish: Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisicion), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisicion espanola), was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. The Inquisition was originally intended primarily to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted from Judaism and Islam. The regulation of the faith of the newly converted was intensified after the royal decrees issued in 1492 and 1502 ordering Jews and Muslims to convert or leave Spain.<br/><br/> The Inquisition was not definitively abolished until 1834, during the reign of Isabella II, after a period of declining influence in the preceding century.
Afonso de Albuquerque (1453—1515) was a Portuguese admiral whose military and administrative accomplishments as second governor of Portuguese India established the Portuguese colonial empire in the Indian Ocean. He is generally considered a military genius.<br/><br/> Albuquerque attempted to close all Indian Ocean naval routes to the Atlantic, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and to the Pacific, and was responsible for building numerous fortresses to defend key strategic positions and establishing a net of diplomatic relations.<br/><br/> Shortly before his death he was awarded viceroy and 'Duke of Goa' by king Manuel I of Portugal, becoming the first Portuguese duke not from the royal family, and the first Portuguese title landed overseas. He was known as ‘The Terrible’, ‘The Great’, ‘The Caesar of the East’, ‘Lion of the Seas’ and ‘The Portuguese Mars’.<br/><br/> There is no doubting Albuquerque’s ruthless ambition. He suggested diverting the course of the Nile River to render Egypt barren. And he even planned to steal the body of the Prophet Muhammad, and hold it for ransom until all Muslims had left the Holy Land.
Francisco de Almeida, also known as ‘Great Dom Francisco’ (c. 1450— 1510), was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. In 1503, he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India. Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean, with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509. Before Almeida could return to Portugal, he lost his life in 1510.
India/Portugal: 'Death of Sultan Bahadur in front of Diu during negotiations with the Portuguese, 1537'. Painting from the 'Akbarnama', late 16th century.<br/><br/> Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah (c. 1506-1537), born Bahadur Khan, was a Sultan of the Muzaffarid Dynasty who ruled over the Gujarat Sultanate in India. Fighting off his brothers to succeed his father, he expanded his kingdoms through military expeditions, but came under attack from the growing Mughal Empire. Gujarat fell in 1532, but Bahadur regained his kingdom in 1536 with Portuguese aid. He was subsequently killed by the Portuguese a year later when trying to renege on his alliance, murdered on a Portuguese ship during negotiations.
Francisco de Almeida, also known as ‘Great Dom Francisco’ (c. 1450— 1510), was a Portuguese nobleman, soldier and explorer. He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492. In 1503, he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India. Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean, with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509. Before Almeida could return to Portugal, he lost his life in 1510.
Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun (Persian: نصیر الدین محمد همایون; full title: Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Jam-i-Sultanat-i-haqiqi wa Majazi, Sayyid al-Salatin, Abu'l Muzaffar Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun Padshah Ghazi, Zillu'llah; 7 March 1508 - 22 February 1556) was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530–1540 and again from 1555–1556.<br/><br/> Like his father, Babur, he lost his kingdom early, but with Persian aid, he eventually regained an even larger one. On the eve of his death in 1556, the Mughal empire spanned almost one million square kilometers.<br/><br/> He succeeded his father in India in 1530, while his half-brother Kamran Mirza, who was to become a rather bitter rival, obtained the sovereignty of Kabul and Lahore, the more northern parts of their father's empire. He originally ascended the throne at the age of 22 and was somewhat inexperienced when he came to power.<br/><br/> Humayun lost his Indian territories to the Pashtun noble, Sher Shah Suri, and, with Persian aid, regained them 15 years later. Humayun's return from Persia, accompanied by a large retinue of Persian noblemen, signaled an important change in Mughal court culture, as the Central Asian origins of the dynasty were largely overshadowed by the influences of Persian art, architecture, language and literature.<br/><br/> Subsequently, in a very short time, Humayun was able to expand the Empire further, leaving a substantial legacy for his son, Akbar.