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From 1861 to 1890 the Munich publishing firm of Braun and Schneider published plates of historic and contemporary costume in their magazine Munchener Bilderbogen.<br/><br/> These plates were eventually collected in book form and published at the turn of the century in Germany and England.
The Second Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880, when the nation was ruled by Sher Ali Khan of the Barakzai dynasty, the son of former Emir Dost Mohammad Khan. This was the second time British India invaded Afghanistan.<br/><br/> The war ended in a manner after attaining all the British geopolitical objectives. Most of the British and Indian soldiers withdrew from Afghanistan. The Afghans were permitted to maintain internal sovereignty but they had to cede control of their nation's foreign relations to the British.
The majority of Jaisalmer's inhabitants are Bhati Rajputs, who take their name from an ancestor named Bhatti, a renowned warrior when the tribe were still located in the Punjab. Shortly after this the clan was driven southwards, and found a refuge in the Indian desert, which was henceforth its home.<br/><br/> Deoraj, a prince of the Bhati clan, is believed to be the real founder of the Jaisalmer dynasty. In 1156 Rawal Jaisal, the sixth in succession from Deoraj, founded the fort and city of Jaisalmer, and made it his capital as he moved from his former capital at Lodhruva (situated about 15 km to the north-west of Jaisalmer).<br/><br/> The Maharajas of Jaisalmer trace their lineage back to Jaitsimha, a ruler of the Bhatti Rajput clan. The major opponents of the Bhati Rajputs were the powerful Rathor clans of Jodhpur and Bikaner. They used to fight battles for the possession of forts, waterholes or cattle. Jaisalmer was positioned strategically and was a halting point along a traditional trade route traversed by the camel caravans of Indian and Asian merchants. The route linked India to Central Asia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, Africa and the West.
The majority of Jaisalmer's inhabitants are Bhati Rajputs, who take their name from an ancestor named Bhatti, a renowned warrior when the tribe were still located in the Punjab. Shortly after this the clan was driven southwards, and found a refuge in the Indian desert, which was henceforth its home.<br/><br/> Deoraj, a prince of the Bhati clan, is believed to be the real founder of the Jaisalmer dynasty. In 1156 Rawal Jaisal, the sixth in succession from Deoraj, founded the fort and city of Jaisalmer, and made it his capital as he moved from his former capital at Lodhruva (situated about 15 km to the north-west of Jaisalmer).<br/><br/> The Maharajas of Jaisalmer trace their lineage back to Jaitsimha, a ruler of the Bhatti Rajput clan. The major opponents of the Bhati Rajputs were the powerful Rathor clans of Jodhpur and Bikaner. They used to fight battles for the possession of forts, waterholes or cattle. Jaisalmer was positioned strategically and was a halting point along a traditional trade route traversed by the camel caravans of Indian and Asian merchants. The route linked India to Central Asia, Egypt, Arabia, Persia, Africa and the West.
The Chinese sheng (Chinese: 笙; Pinyin shēng) is a mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes.<br/><br/> Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (simplified Chinese: 五代十国; traditional Chinese: 五代十國; pinyin: Wǔdài Shíguó) was an era of political upheaval in China from 907–960/979 CE, between the fall of the Tang Dynasty and the founding of the Song Dynasty.<br/><br/> During this period, five dynasties quickly succeeded one another in the north, and more than twelve independent states were established, mainly in the south. Only ten are traditionally listed, hence the era's name, 'Ten Kingdoms'. This era also led to the founding of the Liao Dynasty in the north.
The Drum (Gǔlóu) and Bell (Zhōnglóu) towers were originally built in 1272 during the reign of Kublai Khan (r.1260-1294). Emperor Yongle (r. 1402-1424) rebuilt the towers in 1420 and they were again renovated during the reign of Qing Emperor Jiaqing (r. 1796 - 1820).<br/><br/> Both the Drum and Bell towers were used as timekeepers during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Drum (Gǔlóu) and Bell (Zhōnglóu) towers were originally built in 1272 during the reign of Kublai Khan (r.1260-1294). Emperor Yongle (r. 1402-1424) rebuilt the towers in 1420 and they were again renovated during the reign of Qing Emperor Jiaqing (r. 1796 - 1820).<br/><br/> Both the Drum and Bell towers were used as timekeepers during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Drum (Gǔlóu) and Bell (Zhōnglóu) towers were originally built in 1272 during the reign of Kublai Khan (r.1260-1294). Emperor Yongle (r. 1402-1424) rebuilt the towers in 1420 and they were again renovated during the reign of Qing Emperor Jiaqing (r. 1796 - 1820).<br/><br/> Both the Drum and Bell towers were used as timekeepers during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Drum (Gǔlóu) and Bell (Zhōnglóu) towers were originally built in 1272 during the reign of Kublai Khan (r.1260-1294). Emperor Yongle (r. 1402-1424) rebuilt the towers in 1420 and they were again renovated during the reign of Qing Emperor Jiaqing (r. 1796 - 1820).<br/><br/> Both the Drum and Bell towers were used as timekeepers during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
The Drum (Gǔlóu) and Bell (Zhōnglóu) towers were originally built in 1272 during the reign of Kublai Khan (r.1260-1294). Emperor Yongle (r. 1402-1424) rebuilt the towers in 1420 and they were again renovated during the reign of Qing Emperor Jiaqing (r. 1796 - 1820).<br/><br/> Both the Drum and Bell towers were used as timekeepers during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
The repertoire of Ruhunu dancing has its origins in the rituals of the Devol Maduwa - used to propitiate the Deity/demon Devol - and in exorcistic rituals known as the Rata Yakuma and the Sanni Yakuma - associated with various demons who are supposed to cause a variety of afflictions and incurable illnesses.
The repertoire of Ruhunu dancing has its origins in the rituals of the Devol Maduwa - used to propitiate the Deity/demon Devol - and in exorcistic rituals known as the Rata Yakuma and the Sanni Yakuma - associated with various demons who are supposed to cause a variety of afflictions and incurable illnesses.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara or Kelaniya Temple is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Sri Lanka. The original temple is believed to date back to the time of the Buddha (before 500 BCE) and his third and final visit to the island.<br/><br/> Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as poya, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
Sri Dalada Maligawa or The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic is located in the royal palace complex and houses the Relic of the tooth of Buddha. Since ancient times, the relic has played an important role in local politics because it is believed that whoever holds the relic holds the governance of the country.