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Shigeru Aoki (1882-1911) was a Japanese painter famed for his combining of Japanese mythology and legends with the Western-style art movement that could be found in some late 19th and early 20th century Japanese paintings.<br/><br/> Aoki was born into an ex-samurai household in northern Kyushu. He left his home in 1899 to pursue artistic studies in Tokyo, and soon began to accumulate critical acclaim for his artwork and its use of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood techniques mixed with Kojiki themes. He died in March 1911 from tuberculosis, aged only 28.
Marie Joseph François (Francis) Garnier (Vietnamese: Ngạc Nhi; 25 July 1839 – 21 December 1873) was a French officer and explorer known for his exploration of the Mekong River in Southeast Asia.<br/><br/> In 1873 Garnier was sent to Tonkin by Admiral Dupré, the governor of Cochinchina, to resolve a dispute between the Vietnamese authorities and the French entrepreneur Jean Dupuis. Persuaded that the time was ripe for a French conquest of Tonkin, Garnier captured Hanoi, the capital of Tonkin, 20 November 1873.<br/><br/> A few weeks later Liu Yongfu, a soldier of fortune, and 600 Black Flags attacked Hanoi. In the ensuing skirmish Garnier was killed. The French government disavowed Garnier's adventure and hastened to conclude a peace settlement with the Vietnamese.
Jiang Qing (Chiang Ch'ing, March 1914 – May 14, 1991) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong's last wife and major Communist Party of China power figure.<br/><br/> She went by the stage name Lan Ping during her acting career, and was known by various other names during her life. She married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938, and is sometimes referred to as Madame Mao in Western literature, serving as Communist China's first first lady.<br/><br/> Jiang Qing was most well-known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and for forming the radical political alliance known as the 'Gang of Four'. When Mao died in 1976, Jiang lost the support and justification for her political activities. She was arrested in October 1976 by Hua Guofeng and his allies, and was subsequently accused of being counter-revolutionary.<br/><br/> Though initially sentenced to death, her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1983, however, and in May 1991 she was released for medical treatment. Before returning to prison, she committed suicide.
Toyohara Chikanobu, better known to his contemporaries as Yōshū Chikanobu, was a prolific woodblock artist of Japan's Meiji period. His works capture the transition from the age of the samurai to Meiji modernity.<br/><br/> In 1875 (Meiji 8), he decided to try to make a living as an artist. He travelled to Tokyo. He found work as an artist for the Kaishin Shimbun. In addition, he produced <i>nishiki-e</i> artworks. In his younger days, he had studied the Kanō school of painting; but his interest was drawn to <i>ukiyo-e</i>.<br/><br/> Like many <i>ukiyo-e</i> artists, Chikanobu turned his attention towards a great variety of subjects. His work ranged from Japanese mythology to depictions of the battlefields of his lifetime to women's fashions. As well as a number of the other artists of this period, he too portrayed kabuki actors in character, and is well-known for his impressions of the <i>mie</i> (formal pose) of kabuki productions.<br/><br/> Chikanobu was known as a master of <i>bijinga</i>, images of beautiful women, and for illustrating changes in women's fashion, including both traditional and Western clothing. His work illustrated the changes in coiffures and make-up across time. For example, in Chikanobu's images in Mirror of Ages (1897), the hair styles of the Tenmei era, 1781-1789 are distinguished from those of the Keio era, 1865-1867.
The Fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (also known as the Viet Cong) on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period leading to the formal reunification of Vietnam into a Socialist Republic governed by the Communist Party.<br/><br/> North Vietnamese forces under the command of the General Van Tien Dung began their final attack on Saigon, with South Vietnamese forces commanded by General Nguyen Van Toan, on April 29, suffering heavy artillery bombardment. By the afternoon of the next day, North Vietnamese troops had occupied the important points of the city and raised their flag over the South Vietnamese presidential palace. The South Vietnamese government capitulated shortly afterward. The city was renamed Ho Chi Minh City, after the Democratic Republic's President Ho Chi Minh.<br/><br/> The fall of the city was preceded by the evacuation of almost all the American civilian and military personnel in Saigon, along with tens of thousands of South Vietnamese civilians associated with the southern regime. The evacuation culminated in Operation Frequent Wind, the largest helicopter evacuation in history.
The Communist Party of Burma (Burmese: ဗမာပြည်ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ; CPB) is the oldest existing political party in Burma. The party is unrecognised by the Burmese authorities, rendering it illegal; so it operates in a clandestine manner, often associating with insurgent armies along the border of People's Republic of China. It is often referred to as the Burma Communist Party (BCP) by both the Burmese government and the foreign media.<br/><br/>Bertil Lintner was born in Sweden in 1953 and left for Asia in 1975. He spent 1975-79 travelling in the Asia-Pacific region but he has been living permanently in Thailand since December 1979, working as a journalist for, amongst others, the Far Eastern Economic Review, the Swedish Svenska Dagbladet, and the Danish Politiken.<br/><br/>In 1985-1987, Lintner, together with his wife Hseng Noung, a Shan national from Burma, made an 18-month, 2,275-km overland journey from northeastern India across northern rebel-held areas in Burma to China (including ten months in Kachin territory). Travelling by foot, jeep, bicycle and elephant, they were the first outsiders to cross this isolated land since the 1940s. Their daughter, Hseng Tai, was born during that journey.
The Communist Party of Burma (Burmese: ဗမာပြည်ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ; CPB) is the oldest existing political party in Burma. The party is unrecognised by the Burmese authorities, rendering it illegal; so it operates in a clandestine manner, often associating with insurgent armies along the border of People's Republic of China. It is often referred to as the Burma Communist Party (BCP) by both the Burmese government and the foreign media.<br/><br/>Bertil Lintner was born in Sweden in 1953 and left for Asia in 1975. He spent 1975-79 travelling in the Asia-Pacific region but he has been living permanently in Thailand since December 1979, working as a journalist for, amongst others, the Far Eastern Economic Review, the Swedish Svenska Dagbladet, and the Danish Politiken.<br/><br/>In 1985-1987, Lintner, together with his wife Hseng Noung, a Shan national from Burma, made an 18-month, 2,275-km overland journey from northeastern India across northern rebel-held areas in Burma to China (including ten months in Kachin territory). Travelling by foot, jeep, bicycle and elephant, they were the first outsiders to cross this isolated land since the 1940s. Their daughter, Hseng Tai, was born during that journey.
The Communist Party of Burma (Burmese: ဗမာပြည်ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ; CPB) is the oldest existing political party in Burma. The party is unrecognised by the Burmese authorities, rendering it illegal; so it operates in a clandestine manner, often associating with insurgent armies along the border of People's Republic of China. It is often referred to as the Burma Communist Party (BCP) by both the Burmese government and the foreign media.<br/><br/>Bertil Lintner was born in Sweden in 1953 and left for Asia in 1975. He spent 1975-79 travelling in the Asia-Pacific region but he has been living permanently in Thailand since December 1979, working as a journalist for, amongst others, the Far Eastern Economic Review, the Swedish Svenska Dagbladet, and the Danish Politiken.<br/><br/>In 1985-1987, Lintner, together with his wife Hseng Noung, a Shan national from Burma, made an 18-month, 2,275-km overland journey from northeastern India across northern rebel-held areas in Burma to China (including ten months in Kachin territory). Travelling by foot, jeep, bicycle and elephant, they were the first outsiders to cross this isolated land since the 1940s. Their daughter, Hseng Tai, was born during that journey.
Suzuki Harunobu (鈴木 春信4, 1724 – July 7, 1770) was a Japanese woodblock print artist, one of the most famous in the Ukiyo-e style. He was an innovator, the first to produce full-color prints (nishiki-e) in 1765, rendering obsolete the former modes of two- and three-color prints.<br/><br/> Harunobu used many special techniques, and depicted a wide variety of subjects, from classical poems to contemporary beauties (bijin, bijin-ga). Like many artists of his day, Harunobu also produced a number of shunga, or erotic images.<br/><br/> During his lifetime and shortly afterwards, many artists imitated his style. A few, such as Harushige, even boasted of their ability to forge the work of the great master. Much about Harunobu's life is unknown. The popular expression 'to jump off the stage at Kiyomizu' is the Japanese equivalent of the English expression 'to take the plunge'. This refers to an Edo period tradition that held that, if one were to survive a 13m jump from the stage, one's wish would be granted. Two hundred and thirty-four jumps were recorded in the Edo period and, of those, 85.5% survived. The practice is now prohibited.
The Bamberg Apocalypse, 1000-1020, is held in the Bamberg State Library, Germany. It was commissioned by Otto III (Holy Roman Emperor 980-1002) and contains 57 gilded miniatures produced in the scriptorium at Reichenau.
The Ottheinrich Bible was commissioned in c.1425 by the Royal Court of Bavaria. The unusually large manuscript was not completed until the following century when the German painter and engraver, Matthias Gerung, was offered 60 Rhenish guilders and winter clothes to illustrate the text.<br/><br/> The Bible carries the name of the benefactor who supported its completion. Ottheinrich (1502-1559) was the Prince of Neuburg, Elector Palatine, soldier, pilgrim, reformer and art patron.
The Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, (Mongolian: Судрын чуулган, Sudar-yn Chuulgan; Arabic: جامع التواريخ ‎; Persian: جامع‌التواریخ ), ('Compendium of Chronicles') or Universal History is an Iranian work of literature and history written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani at the start of the 14th century.
The people of the valleys in this region are still predominantly Tai, but other minorities live here also, including the Mang. They are among the least numerous of Vietnam’s 57 recognised ethnic groups, with a total population of less than 2,500. They are a Mon-Khmer people who practice chin tattooing, so we naturally wanted to cross and visit.
Scipio (235–183 BCE), also known as Scipio Africanus and Scipio the Elder, was a Roman general in the Second Punic War. He is best known for defeating Hannibal and the Carthaginians at the Battle of Zama near Carthage on October 19, 202 BCE.<br/><br/> Scipio was indeed magnanimous in victory, refusing to raze Carthage to the ground. He later consented to Hannibal being appointed civic leader in Carthage. Scipio did, however, deal ruthlessly with any of his own troops who deserted—Latins were beheaded and Romans were crucified.
The Siege of Osaka was a series of battles undertaken by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (Winter Campaign and Summer Campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment. The end of the conflict is sometimes called the Genna Armistice (Genna Enbu), because the era name was changed from Keichō to Genna immediately following the siege.
Zedekiah had been installed as king of Jerusalem by the Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II following the Siege of Jerusalem in 597 BCE. But Zedekiah revolted against Babylon, and entered into an alliance with Pharaoh Hophra, the king of Egypt. In 589 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar began an 18-month siege of Jerusalem, eventually breaking down Jerusalem's walls and conquering the city. Jerusalem was plundered, its temples were burnt down, and most of its inhabitants were taken into captivity in Babylon.<br/><br/> The Prophet Jeremiah had tried to warn Zedekiah against breaking his alliance with Babylon. After conquering Jerusalem, Nebuchadnezzar ordered Zedekiah’s eyes gouged out. Jeremiah was well-treated however, and went on to live in Egypt. He is credited with writing the Books of Jeremiah, Kings I and Kings II in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible), and the Book of Lamentations.
The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was the first great war of the 20th century which grew out of the rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea.<br/><br/> The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden, the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. The resulting campaigns, in which the Japanese military attained victory over the Russian forces arrayed against them, were unexpected by world observers. As time transpired, these victories would transform the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage.<br/><br/> The embarrassing string of defeats inflamed the Russian people's dissatisfaction with their inefficient and corrupt Tsarist government, and proved a major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was a proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity.<br/><br/> The uprising took place in response to foreign spheres of influence in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, to missionary evangelism. In China, popular sentiment remained resistant to foreign influences, and anger rose over the 'unequal treaties', which the weak Qing state could not resist.<br/><br/> Concerns grew that missionaries and Chinese Christians could use this decline to their advantage, appropriating lands and property of unwilling Chinese peasants to give to the church. This sentiment resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests.
The Boxer Rebellion, also known as Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement, was a proto-nationalist movement by the Righteous Harmony Society in China between 1898 and 1901, opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity.<br/><br/> The uprising took place in response to foreign spheres of influence in China, with grievances ranging from opium traders, political invasion, economic manipulation, to missionary evangelism. In China, popular sentiment remained resistant to foreign influences, and anger rose over the 'unequal treaties', which the weak Qing state could not resist.<br/><br/> Concerns grew that missionaries and Chinese Christians could use this decline to their advantage, appropriating lands and property of unwilling Chinese peasants to give to the church. This sentiment resulted in violent revolts against foreign interests.
The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as the Kings' Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin (Salāh ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb). It was largely successful, yet fell short of its ultimate goal—the reconquest of Jerusalem.
The Fall of Saigon was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (also known as the Viet Cong) on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start of a transition period leading to the formal reunification of Vietnam into a Socialist Republic governed by the Communist Party.<br/><br/> North Vietnamese forces under the command of the General Van Tien Dung began their final attack on Saigon, with South Vietnamese forces commanded by General Nguyen Van Toan, on April 29, suffering heavy artillery bombardment. By the afternoon of the next day, North Vietnamese troops had occupied the important points of the city and raised their flag over the South Vietnamese presidential palace. The South Vietnamese government capitulated shortly afterward. The city was renamed Ho Chi Minh City, after the Democratic Republic's President Ho Chi Minh.<br/><br/> The fall of the city was preceded by the evacuation of almost all the American civilian and military personnel in Saigon, along with tens of thousands of South Vietnamese civilians associated with the southern regime. The evacuation culminated in Operation Frequent Wind, the largest helicopter evacuation in history.
Constantinople, the capital of Constantine XI’s Byzantine Empire, was captured by Sultan Mehmet II and his Ottoman armies after a seven-week siege. Mehmet had applied pressure on Constantinople and the Byzantines by building forts along the Dardanelles. On 5 April, he laid siege to Constantinople with an army numbering 80,000 to 200,000 men. Constantine reportedly fell leading a charge against the invaders, though his body was never found. The last defenders were killed and the Turks proceeded to loot the city. The battle brought down the 1,100-year Byzantine Empire and is seen by many scholars as marking the end of the Middle Ages.
Jiang Qing (Chiang Ch'ing, March 1914 – May 14, 1991) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong's last wife and major Communist Party of China power figure.<br/><br/> She went by the stage name Lan Ping during her acting career, and was known by various other names during her life. She married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938, and is sometimes referred to as Madame Mao in Western literature, serving as Communist China's first first lady.<br/><br/> Jiang Qing was most well-known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and for forming the radical political alliance known as the 'Gang of Four'. When Mao died in 1976, Jiang lost the support and justification for her political activities. She was arrested in October 1976 by Hua Guofeng and his allies, and was subsequently accused of being counter-revolutionary.<br/><br/> Though initially sentenced to death, her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1983, however, and in May 1991 she was released for medical treatment. Before returning to prison, she committed suicide.
The Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, (Mongolian: Судрын чуулган, Sudar-yn Chuulgan; Arabic: جامع التواريخ ‎; Persian: جامع‌التواریخ ), ('Compendium of Chronicles') or Universal History is an Iranian work of literature and history written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani at the start of the 14th century.
The Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, (Mongolian: Судрын чуулган, Sudar-yn Chuulgan; Arabic: جامع التواريخ ‎; Persian: جامع‌التواریخ ), ('Compendium of Chronicles') or Universal History is an Iranian work of literature and history written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani at the start of the 14th century.
The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was the first great war of the 20th century which grew out of the rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea.<br/><br/> The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden, the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. The resulting campaigns, in which the Japanese military attained victory over the Russian forces arrayed against them, were unexpected by world observers. As time transpired, these victories would transform the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage.<br/><br/> The embarrassing string of defeats inflamed the Russian people's dissatisfaction with their inefficient and corrupt Tsarist government, and proved a major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Doi Inthanon is Thailand's highest mountain at 2,595 metres. It is named after Phra Inthawichayanon, the last King of Chiang Mai, who died at the turn of the century, and whose remains lie interred in a small white chedi near the summit.
Qixing Gongyuan or Seven Star Park gained its name from the position of its seven hills, which suggest the pattern of the Plough (Big Dipper) constellation. The park has been a tourist attraction for more than 1,000 years.<br/><br/> The name Guilin means ‘Cassia Woods’ and is named after the osmanthus (cassia) blossoms that bloom throughout the autumn period.<br/><br/> Guilin is the scene of China’s most famous landscapes, inspiring thousands of paintings over many centuries. The ‘finest mountains and rivers under heaven’ are so inspiring that poets, artists and tourists have made this China’s number one natural attraction.
Qixing Gongyuan or Seven Star Park gained its name from the position of its seven hills, which suggest the pattern of the Plough (Big Dipper) constellation. The park has been a tourist attraction for more than 1,000 years.<br/><br/> The name Guilin means ‘Cassia Woods’ and is named after the osmanthus (cassia) blossoms that bloom throughout the autumn period.<br/><br/> Guilin is the scene of China’s most famous landscapes, inspiring thousands of paintings over many centuries. The ‘finest mountains and rivers under heaven’ are so inspiring that poets, artists and tourists have made this China’s number one natural attraction.
Qixing Gongyuan or Seven Star Park gained its name from the position of its seven hills, which suggest the pattern of the Plough (Big Dipper) constellation. The park has been a tourist attraction for more than 1,000 years.<br/><br/> The name Guilin means ‘Cassia Woods’ and is named after the osmanthus (cassia) blossoms that bloom throughout the autumn period.<br/><br/> Guilin is the scene of China’s most famous landscapes, inspiring thousands of paintings over many centuries. The ‘finest mountains and rivers under heaven’ are so inspiring that poets, artists and tourists have made this China’s number one natural attraction.
Qixing Gongyuan or Seven Star Park gained its name from the position of its seven hills, which suggest the pattern of the Plough (Big Dipper) constellation. The park has been a tourist attraction for more than 1,000 years.<br/><br/> The name Guilin means ‘Cassia Woods’ and is named after the osmanthus (cassia) blossoms that bloom throughout the autumn period.<br/><br/> Guilin is the scene of China’s most famous landscapes, inspiring thousands of paintings over many centuries. The ‘finest mountains and rivers under heaven’ are so inspiring that poets, artists and tourists have made this China’s number one natural attraction.
Qixing Gongyuan or Seven Star Park gained its name from the position of its seven hills, which suggest the pattern of the Plough (Big Dipper) constellation. The park has been a tourist attraction for more than 1,000 years.<br/><br/> The name Guilin means ‘Cassia Woods’ and is named after the osmanthus (cassia) blossoms that bloom throughout the autumn period.<br/><br/> Guilin is the scene of China’s most famous landscapes, inspiring thousands of paintings over many centuries. The ‘finest mountains and rivers under heaven’ are so inspiring that poets, artists and tourists have made this China’s number one natural attraction.