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George Orwell’s grandmother lived at Moulmein. In October 1922 he sailed on board S.S. Herefordshire to join the Indian Imperial Police in Burma. At the end of 1924 he was promoted to Assistant District Superintendent and posted to Syriam. In April 1926 he moved to Moulmein, where his grandmother lived. At the end of that year, he went to Katha, where he contracted Dengue fever in 1927. He was entitled to leave in England that year, and in view of his illness, was allowed to go home in July. While on leave in England in 1927, he reappraised his life and resigned from the Indian Imperial Police with the intention of becoming a writer. His Burma police experience yielded the novel Burmese Days (1934) and the essays "A Hanging" (1931) and "Shooting an Elephant" (1936).
Shigeru Aoki (1882-1911) was a Japanese painter famed for his combining of Japanese mythology and legends with the Western-style art movement that could be found in some late 19th and early 20th century Japanese paintings.<br/><br/> Aoki was born into an ex-samurai household in northern Kyushu. He left his home in 1899 to pursue artistic studies in Tokyo, and soon began to accumulate critical acclaim for his artwork and its use of Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood techniques mixed with Kojiki themes. He died in March 1911 from tuberculosis, aged only 28.
The Holodomor was a man-made famine in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932 and 1933 that killed an estimated 2.5-7.5 million Ukrainians, with millions more counted in demographic estimates. It was part of the wider disaster, the Soviet famine of 1932–33, which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country.<br/><br/> During the Holodomor millions of citizens of the Ukrainian SSR, the majority of whom were ethnic Ukrainians, died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine.Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by the independent Ukraine and many other countries as a genocide of the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet Union.
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. He is most noted for his novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called 'the Great American Novel'.<br/><br/> Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, which would later provide the setting for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He apprenticed with a printer. He also worked as a typesetter and contributed articles to his older brother Orion's newspaper. After toiling as a printer in various cities, he became a master riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River, before heading west to join Orion. He was a failure at gold mining, so he next turned to journalism. While a reporter, he wrote a humorous story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, which became very popular and brought nationwide attention. His travelogues were also well-received. Twain had found his calling.<br/><br/> He achieved great success as a writer and public speaker. His wit and satire earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty.<br/><br/> He lacked financial acumen, and, though he made a great deal of money from his writings and lectures, he squandered it on various ventures, in particular the Paige Compositor, and was forced to declare bankruptcy. With the help of Henry Huttleston Rogers he eventually overcame his financial troubles. Twain worked hard to ensure that all of his creditors were paid in full, even though his bankruptcy had relieved him of the legal responsibility.<br/><br/> Twain was born during a visit by Halley's Comet, and predicted that he would 'go out with it' as well. He died the day following the comet's subsequent return. He was lauded as the greatest American humorist of his age', and William Faulkner called Twain 'the father of American literature'.
The Great Leap Forward ( Da yue jin) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China (CPC), reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization, and collectivization. Mao Zedong led the campaign based on the Theory of Productive Forces, and intensified it after being informed of the impending disaster from grain shortages.<br/><br/> Chief changes in the lives of rural Chinese included the introduction of a mandatory process of agricultural collectivization, which was introduced incrementally. Private farming was prohibited, and those engaged in it were labeled as counter revolutionaries and persecuted. Restrictions on rural people were enforced through public struggle sessions, and social pressure.<br/><br/> The Great Leap ended in catastrophe, resulting in tens of millions of excess deaths. Estimates of the death toll range from 18 million to at least 45 million.<br/><br/> In subsequent conferences in 1960 and 1962, the negative effects of the Great Leap Forward were studied by the CPC, and Mao was criticized in the party conferences. Moderate Party members like Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping rose to power, and Mao was marginalized within the party, leading him to initiate the Cultural Revolution in 1966.
Kulaks were a category of relatively affluent farmers in the later Russian Empire, Soviet Russia, and early Soviet Union. The word kulak originally referred to independent farmers in the Russian Empire who emerged from the peasantry and became wealthy following the Stolypin reform, which began in 1906. The label of kulak was broadened in 1918 to include any peasant who resisted handing over their grain to detachments from Moscow.<br/><br/> According to the political theory of Marxism–Leninism of the early 20th century, the kulaks were class enemies of the poorer peasants. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin described them as 'bloodsuckers, vampires, plunderers of the people and profiteers, who fatten on famine'. Marxism–Leninism had intended a revolution to liberate poor peasants and farm laborers alongside the proletariat. In addition, the planned economy of Soviet Bolshevism required the collectivisation of farms and land to allow industrialisation or conversion to large-scale agricultural production. In practice, government officials violently seized kulak farms and murdered resisters; others were deported to labor camps.
The Great Leap Forward ( Da yue jin) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China (CPC), reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization, and collectivization. Mao Zedong led the campaign based on the Theory of Productive Forces, and intensified it after being informed of the impending disaster from grain shortages.<br/><br/> Chief changes in the lives of rural Chinese included the introduction of a mandatory process of agricultural collectivization, which was introduced incrementally. Private farming was prohibited, and those engaged in it were labeled as counter revolutionaries and persecuted. Restrictions on rural people were enforced through public struggle sessions, and social pressure.<br/><br/> The Great Leap ended in catastrophe, resulting in tens of millions of excess deaths. Estimates of the death toll range from 18 million to at least 45 million.<br/><br/> In subsequent conferences in 1960 and 1962, the negative effects of the Great Leap Forward were studied by the CPC, and Mao was criticized in the party conferences. Moderate Party members like Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping rose to power, and Mao was marginalized within the party, leading him to initiate the Cultural Revolution in 1966.
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist.<br/><br/> His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense, revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
Ko Panyi is a massive karst outcrop in the lee of which a prosperous Thai Muslim fishing village shelters from the South-West Monsoon. The unusual location of the stilted Muslim fishing village, together with the unexpected mosque and minaret, has provided the inhabitants of Ko Panyi with an unexpected and welcome additional source of income in the years since the advent of tourism. Although the island has become commercialised, the people are remarkably open and friendly.<br/><br/> Despite the rise of tourism, fishing remains an economic mainstay for the locals. There are also a few halal restaurants and small cafes on the island.<br/><br/> First inaugurated in 1981, Ao Phang Nga National Park covers an area of about 400 sq km and is comprised mainly of karst rocks and islands, towering cliffs and the clear waters of the Sea of Phuket. Although home to a wide variety of marine and coastal creatures, including the two-meter long water monitor, most people visit the park to marvel at and sail through and around the many looming karst towers.
Located in the northeast of the country, Shan State covers one-quarter of Burma’s land mass. It was traditionally separated into principalities and is mostly comprised of ethnic Shan, Burman Pa-O, Intha, Taungyo, Danu, Palaung and Kachin peoples.
Located in the northeast of the country, Shan State covers one-quarter of Burma’s land mass. It was traditionally separated into principalities and is mostly comprised of ethnic Shan, Burman Pa-O, Intha, Taungyo, Danu, Palaung and Kachin peoples.<br/><br/> The ethnic Tai-Shan people are believed to have migrated from Yunnan in China. The Shan are descendants of the oldest branch of the Tai-Shan, known as ‘Tai Long’ (Great Tai) or ‘Thai Yai’ (Big Thai). The Tai-Shan who migrated to the south and now inhabit modern-day Laos and Thailand are known as ‘Tai Noi’ (Little Tai) or ‘Tai Nyai’.<br/><br/> The Shan have inhabited the Shan Plateau and other parts of modern-day Myanmar as far back as the 10th century CE. The Shan kingdom of Mong Mao (Muang Mao) existed as early as the 10th century CE, but became a Burmese vassal state during the reign of King Anawrahta of Pagan (1044-1077).
Located in the northeast of the country, Shan State covers one-quarter of Burma’s land mass. It was traditionally separated into principalities and is mostly comprised of ethnic Shan, Burman Pa-O, Intha, Taungyo, Danu, Palaung and Kachin peoples.<br/><br/> The ethnic Tai-Shan people are believed to have migrated from Yunnan in China. The Shan are descendants of the oldest branch of the Tai-Shan, known as ‘Tai Long’ (Great Tai) or ‘Thai Yai’ (Big Thai). The Tai-Shan who migrated to the south and now inhabit modern-day Laos and Thailand are known as ‘Tai Noi’ (Little Tai) or ‘Tai Nyai’.<br/><br/> The Shan have inhabited the Shan Plateau and other parts of modern-day Myanmar as far back as the 10th century CE. The Shan kingdom of Mong Mao (Muang Mao) existed as early as the 10th century CE, but became a Burmese vassal state during the reign of King Anawrahta of Pagan (1044-1077).
The British conquest of Burma began in 1824 in response to a Burmese attempt to invade India. By 1886, and after two further wars, Britain had incorporated the entire country into the British Raj. To stimulate trade and facilitate changes, the British brought in Indians and Chinese, who quickly displaced the Burmese in urban areas. To this day Rangoon and Mandalay have large ethnic Indian populations. Railways and schools were built, as well as a large number of prisons, including the infamous Insein Prison, then as now used for political prisoners.<br/><br/> Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Rangoon on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Burma was administered as a province of British India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony. Burma finally gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948.
The British conquest of Burma began in 1824 in response to a Burmese attempt to invade India. By 1886, and after two further wars, Britain had incorporated the entire country into the British Raj. To stimulate trade and facilitate changes, the British brought in Indians and Chinese, who quickly displaced the Burmese in urban areas. To this day Rangoon and Mandalay have large ethnic Indian populations. Railways and schools were built, as well as a large number of prisons, including the infamous Insein Prison, then as now used for political prisoners.<br/><br/> Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Rangoon on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Burma was administered as a province of British India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony. Burma finally gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948.
The British conquest of Burma began in 1824 in response to a Burmese attempt to invade India. By 1886, and after two further wars, Britain had incorporated the entire country into the British Raj. To stimulate trade and facilitate changes, the British brought in Indians and Chinese, who quickly displaced the Burmese in urban areas. To this day Rangoon and Mandalay have large ethnic Indian populations. Railways and schools were built, as well as a large number of prisons, including the infamous Insein Prison, then as now used for political prisoners.<br/><br/> Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Rangoon on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Burma was administered as a province of British India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony. Burma finally gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948.
The British conquest of Burma began in 1824 in response to a Burmese attempt to invade India. By 1886, and after two further wars, Britain had incorporated the entire country into the British Raj. To stimulate trade and facilitate changes, the British brought in Indians and Chinese, who quickly displaced the Burmese in urban areas. To this day Rangoon and Mandalay have large ethnic Indian populations. Railways and schools were built, as well as a large number of prisons, including the infamous Insein Prison, then as now used for political prisoners.<br/><br/> Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Rangoon on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Burma was administered as a province of British India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony. Burma finally gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948.
The British conquest of Burma began in 1824 in response to a Burmese attempt to invade India. By 1886, and after two further wars, Britain had incorporated the entire country into the British Raj. To stimulate trade and facilitate changes, the British brought in Indians and Chinese, who quickly displaced the Burmese in urban areas. To this day Rangoon and Mandalay have large ethnic Indian populations. Railways and schools were built, as well as a large number of prisons, including the infamous Insein Prison, then as now used for political prisoners.<br/><br/> Burmese resentment was strong and was vented in violent riots that paralysed Rangoon on occasion all the way until the 1930s. Burma was administered as a province of British India until 1937 when it became a separate, self-governing colony. Burma finally gained independence from Britain on January 4, 1948.
Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. It was first cultivated in the Old World 7,000 years ago (5th–4th millennia BCE), by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered a huge swath of the northwestern part of the South Asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Cotton has always been an important crop along many sections of the old Silk Road.
Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. It was first cultivated in the Old World 7,000 years ago (5th–4th millennia BCE), by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered a huge swath of the northwestern part of the South Asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Cotton has always been an important crop along many sections of the old Silk Road.
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense, revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.
Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist.<br/><br/> His work is marked by keen intelligence and wit, a profound awareness of social injustice, an intense, revolutionary opposition to totalitarianism, a passion for clarity in language and a belief in democratic socialism.
The Dutch East India Company, or VOC, was a chartered company granted a monopoly by the Dutch government to carry out colonial activities in Asia. It was the first multinational corporation in the world and the first company to issue stock. It was also arguably the world's first megacorporation, possessing quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, coin money and establish colonies.<br/><br/> The VOC was set up in 1602 to gain a foothold in the East Indies (Indonesia) for the Dutch in the lucrative spice trade, which until that point was dominated by the Portuguese. It also traded with India and established ports, factories and warehouses there.<br/><br/> Between 1602 and 1796, the VOC sent almost a million Europeans to work in the Asia trade on 4,785 ships, and netted more than 2.5 million tons of Asian trade goods.
Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. It was first cultivated in the Old World 7,000 years ago (5th–4th millennia BC), by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered a huge swath of the northwestern part of the South Asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Cotton has always been an important crop along many sections of the old Silk Road.
Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. It was first cultivated in the Old World 7,000 years ago (5th–4th millennia BC), by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered a huge swath of the northwestern part of the South Asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Cotton has always been an important crop along many sections of the old Silk Road.
Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. It was first cultivated in the Old World 7,000 years ago (5th–4th millennia BC), by the inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilization, which covered a huge swath of the northwestern part of the South Asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Cotton has always been an important crop along many sections of the old Silk Road.
Tan Ting-pho (Chen Chengbo; Peh-oe-ji: Tan Teng-pho; February 2, 1895 – March 25, 1947), was a well-known Taiwanese painter. In 1926, his oil painting <i>Street of Chiayi</i> was featured in the seventh Empire Art Exhibition in Japan, which was the first time a Taiwanese artist's work was displayed at the exhibition.<br/><br/> Tan devoted his life to education and creation, and was greatly concerned about the development of humanist culture in Taiwan. He was not only devoted to the improvement of his own painting, but also to the promotion of the aesthetic education of the Taiwanese people. He was murdered as a result of the February 28 Incident, a 1947 popular uprising in Taiwan which was brutally repressed by the Kuomintang (KMT).
Asia's smallest and least-known nation, the Republic of Maldives, lies scattered from north to south across a 750-kilometre sweep of the Indian Ocean 500 kilometres south-west of Sri Lanka. More than 1000 islands, together with innumerable banks and reefs, are grouped in a chain of nineteen atolls which extends from a point due west of Colombo to just south of the equator.<br/><br/> The atolls, formed of great rings of coral based on the submarine Laccadive-Chagos ridge, vary greatly in size. Some are only a few kilometres square, but in the far south the great atoll of Suvadiva is sixty-five kilometres across, and has a central lagoon of more than 2000 square kilometres. The northern and central atolls are separated from each other by comparatively narrow channels of deep water, but in the south Suvadiva is cut off by the eighty-kilometre-wide One-and-a-half-Degree Channel. Addu Atoll is still more isolated, being separated from the atoll of Suvadiva by the seventy-kilometre-wide Equatorial Channel.
Asia's smallest and least-known nation, the Republic of Maldives, lies scattered from north to south across a 750-kilometre sweep of the Indian Ocean 500 kilometres south-west of Sri Lanka. More than 1000 islands, together with innumerable banks and reefs, are grouped in a chain of nineteen atolls which extends from a point due west of Colombo to just south of the equator.<br/><br/> The atolls, formed of great rings of coral based on the submarine Laccadive-Chagos ridge, vary greatly in size. Some are only a few kilometres square, but in the far south the great atoll of Suvadiva is sixty-five kilometres across, and has a central lagoon of more than 2000 square kilometres. The northern and central atolls are separated from each other by comparatively narrow channels of deep water, but in the south Suvadiva is cut off by the eighty-kilometre-wide One-and-a-half-Degree Channel. Addu Atoll is still more isolated, being separated from the atoll of Suvadiva by the seventy-kilometre-wide Equatorial Channel.
Phitsanulok is an ancient city in the lower plains of northern Thailand. It was capital of the Ayutthaya kingdom for 25 years from 1463 after a series of Burmese invasions. Although Phitsanulok is not located far to the north, the people of the region were known to the central Siamese as Lao at the turn of the 20th century.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
Once a simple fishing harbor, Krabi is becoming an eco-tourism center, as well as the main ferry embarkation point for islands such as Ko Lanta to the south, Ko Phi Phi to the southwest, and the beaches around Ao Nang to the west.<br/><br/> Set on the banks of the Krabi Estuary, the town is said to take its name from a sword or krabi allegedly discovered nearby. Krabi’s surroundings are distinguished by towering limestone outcrops, a kind of Phang Nga Bay on land, and these have become the symbol of Krabi Province. Among the most notable are Khao Khanap Nam, twin limestone peaks, which stand like sentinels at each side of the Krabi River. To the east, the town is hemmed in by mangrove-lined shorelines.
Than Bokkharani National Park is located in Krabi Province about 45 kilometers (28 miles) northwest of Krabi Town. The park covers an area of 121 square kilometers (47 square miles) and is characterized by a series of limestone outcrops, evergreen rainforest, mangrove forest, peat swamp, and many islands. There are also numerous caves and cave complexes with some spectacular stalagmites and stalactites.<br/><br/> Than Bokkharani centers on two well known caves, Tham Lot and Tham Phi Hua, situated in an area of great tranquility and natural beauty, with surrounding streams, cascades and still, silent pools.<br/><br/> Tham Lot is a cave complex of winding passages filled with both stalactites and stalagmites that can best be reached by boat from Ao Luk’s Bho Tho pier. Nearby Tham Hua Kalok is similarly reached by boat from the Bho Tho pier, and is best known for the ancient cave paintings – some authorities consider they may be more than two millennia old – that feature in places on the cave walls. In all, there are around 70 petroglyphs or cave paintings, portraying ancient peoples and animals.<br/><br/> Other well-known caves in the area’s limestone mountains include Tham Sa Yuan Thong, which features a natural spring, Tham Phet or ‘diamond cave’ which derives its name from the shimmering rock walls, and Tham Song Phi Nong, which was found to contain skeletal remains of human beings, ancient pottery, bronze tools and earrings.<br/><br/> As well as caves, the park is a great place to explore mangrove swamps by boat – they are virtually impassable on foot, except in places where a boardwalk has been constructed. The park headquarters is set amidst a series of small streams and dark green pools, and is a popular picnic spot; it’s also possible to camp here by arrangement with the park authorities.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: A view of Songkhla town across the Thale Sap Songkhla (Songhkla Lake) from Ko Yo (Yo Island). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: A view of Songkhla town across the Thale Sap Songkhla (Songhkla Lake) from Ko Yo (Yo Island). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: A view of Songkhla town across the Thale Sap Songkhla (Songhkla Lake) from Ko Yo (Yo Island). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
Thailand: Fish farms play an important role for communities near Ko Yo (Yo Island), Thale Sap Songkhla (Songkhla Lake). Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200 CE - 1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka. The city-state then became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat, suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence.
The Asian or Asiatic Elephant (Elephas maximus) is the only living species of the genus Elephas and is distributed throughout the Subcontinent and Southeast Asia from India in the west to Borneo in the east. Asian elephants are the largest living land animal in Asia. There are around 2,600 elephants living in Thailand, with the majority being domesticated.
T. Enami (Enami Nobukuni, 1859 – 1929) was the trade name of a celebrated Meiji period photographer. The T. of his trade name is thought to have stood for Toshi, though he never spelled it out on any personal or business document.<br/><br/> Born in Edo (now Tokyo) during the Bakumatsu era, Enami was first a student of, and then an assistant to the well known photographer and collotypist, Ogawa Kazumasa. Enami relocated to Yokohama, and opened a studio on Benten-dōri (Benten Street) in 1892. Just a few doors away from him was the studio of the already well known Tamamura Kozaburō. He and Enami would work together on at least three related projects over the years.<br/><br/> Enami became quietly unique as the only photographer of that period known to work in all popular formats, including the production of large-format photographs compiled into what are commonly called "Yokohama Albums". Enami went on to become Japan's most prolific photographer of small-format images such as the stereoview and glass lantern-slides. The best of these were delicately hand-tinted.