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Christiaan Huygens (14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a prominent Dutch mathematician and scientist. He is known particularly as an astronomer, physicist, probabilist and horologist.<br/><br/> Huygens was a leading scientist of his time. His work included early telescopic studies of the rings of Saturn and the discovery of its moon Titan, the invention of the pendulum clock and other investigations in timekeeping. He published major studies of mechanics and optics, and a pioneer work on games of chance.
Richard of Wallingford (1292–1336) was a catholic monk and English mathematician who made major contributions to astronomy and horology while serving as abbot of St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire.
Su Song (1020–1101 CE) was a renowned Han Chinese polymath described as a scientist, mathematician, statesman, astronomer, cartographer, horologist, medical doctor, pharmacologist, mineralogist, zoologist, botanist, mechanical and architectural engineer, poet, antiquarian, and ambassador of the Song Dynasty (960–1279).<br/><br/> Su Song was the engineer of a hydro-mechanical astronomical clock tower in medieval Kaifeng, which employed the use of an early escapement mechanism.
A water clock or clepsydra (Greek) is any timepiece in which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel where the amount is then measured.<br/><br/> Water clocks, along with sundials, are likely to be the oldest time-measuring instruments, with the only exceptions being the vertical gnomon and the day-counting tally stick. Where and when they were first invented is not known, and given their great antiquity it may never be. The bowl-shaped outflow is the simplest form of a water clock and is known to have existed in Babylon and in Egypt around the 16th century BCE.<br/><br/> Other regions of the world, including India and China, also have early evidence of water clocks, but the earliest dates are less certain. Some authors, however, claim that water clocks appeared in China as early as 4000 BCE.
Karakuri-zui was written by Hosokawa Hanzo Yorinao, and was published in the Edo period (1798). This, Japan's oldest manuscript of mechanical engineering, consists of three volumes. They were later reprinted in Osaka and Kyoto. The compendium details the structure and the construction process of clocks (wadokei, jp. 和時計) and automated (Karakuri ningyō, jp. からくり人形) mechanical dolls, and it explains not only the techniques, but also about the spirit of making these mechanical devices.
Karakuri-zui was written by Hosokawa Hanzo Yorinao, and was published in the Edo period (1798). This, Japan's oldest manuscript of mechanical engineering, consists of three volumes. They were later reprinted in Osaka and Kyoto. The compendium details the structure and the construction process of clocks (wadokei, jp. 和時計) and automated (Karakuri ningyō, jp. からくり人形) mechanical dolls, and it explains not only the techniques, but also about the spirit of making these mechanical devices.
Karakuri-zui was written by Hosokawa Hanzo Yorinao, and was published in the Edo period (1798). This, Japan's oldest manuscript of mechanical engineering, consists of three volumes. They were later reprinted in Osaka and Kyoto. The compendium details the structure and the construction process of clocks (wadokei, jp. 和時計) and automated (Karakuri ningyō, jp. からくり人形) mechanical dolls, and it explains not only the techniques, but also about the spirit of making these mechanical devices.