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Haj Mohammed Effendi Amin el-Husseini (Arabic: محمد أمين الحسيني‎, Muhammad Amin al-Husayni; born between 1895 and 1897; died July 4, 1974) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in the Mandatory Palestine.<br/><br/> Al-Husseini was an Arab nationalist and following the end of the First World War positioned himself in Damascus, as a supporter of the Arab Kingdom of Syria. However, following the fiasco of the Franco-Syrian War, his positions on pan-Arabism shifted to a form of local nationalism for the Arabs of Palestine and he moved back to Jerusalem. From 1921 to 1937 al-Husseini was the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, using the position to promote Islam and rally Arab nationalism against Zionism.<br/><br/> During the 1948 Palestine War, Husseini represented the Arab Higher Committee and opposed both the 1947 UN Partition Plan and King Abdullah's entente with Zionists to annex the Arab part of British Mandatory Palestine to Jordan. In September 1948, he participated in the establishment of an All-Palestine Government. Seated in Egyptian ruled Gaza, this government won a limited recognition of Arab states, but was eventually dissolved by Gamal Nasser in 1959.
Portrait of a scribe at work, artist unknown. Perhaps intended as a portrait of Sayyid Husayn Yazdi, the scribe of the treatise on wonders of the world comprising the volume. It was painted in Iran sometime before 1546 (953 H), when a large owner's stamp was placed below the painting.<br/><br/> Figural imagery does not normally appear in a religious context, but there was a vigorous tradition of figural representation in other contexts, particularly that of science and medicine. Many of the Arabic versions of Dioscorides preserved today are testimony to a continuing and flourishing tradition of scientific illustration. Several profusely illustrated copies were produced, for example, in Baghdad in the 13th century, one of which is notable for its scenes of people gathering and preparing medicaments. Human anatomy was also a topic to receive the attention of illustrators.
At the Battle of Karbala the followers of Ali, led by the Prophet Muhammad's grandson Husayn, were defeated by the forces of the Umayyad Caliph Yazid. The event, which is often depicted in popular prints, is used by Shia to recall the martyr’s role that they feel they have played throughout history.<br/><br/> Ordinary chronology has been abolished in this print. Several episodes from the battle are enacted at the same time, and on each side, the battling parties still stand in their starting positions. On the right is Husayn with a small group of adherents, and on the top left is the commander of the Umayyad caliph Yazid with rows of well-equipped forces. We can also see into the afterlife. Husayn, now glorified, is found in the uppermost part of the picture flanked by jinns (creatures of fire created by God) on the left and by angels and early prophets on the right.