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Jiang Qing (Chiang Ch'ing, March 1914 – May 14, 1991) was the pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong's last wife and major Communist Party of China power figure.<br/><br/> She went by the stage name Lan Ping during her acting career, and was known by various other names during her life. She married Mao in Yan'an in November 1938, and is sometimes referred to as Madame Mao in Western literature, serving as Communist China's first first lady.<br/><br/> Jiang Qing was most well-known for playing a major role in the Cultural Revolution (1966–76) and for forming the radical political alliance known as the 'Gang of Four'. When Mao died in 1976, Jiang lost the support and justification for her political activities. She was arrested in October 1976 by Hua Guofeng and his allies, and was subsequently accused of being counter-revolutionary.<br/><br/> Though initially sentenced to death, her sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1983, however, and in May 1991 she was released for medical treatment. Before returning to prison, she committed suicide.
The French colonial administration built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896. Originally intended to hold 450 prisoners, by the 1930s the number of detainees had soared to almost 2,000, the great majority political prisoners.<br/><br/> Hoa Lo Prison achieved notoriety during the Second Indochina War as a place of incarceration for downed US pilots, who ironically nicknamed the prison the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. American prisoners of war held at Hoa Lo between 1964 and 1973 include Pete Peterson, who would later become the first US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1995; and John McCain, currently senior Republican Senator for Arizona and a recent presidential candidate, who was shot down over Hanoi in October, 1967.
The French colonial administration built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896. Originally intended to hold 450 prisoners, by the 1930s the number of detainees had soared to almost 2,000, the great majority political prisoners.<br/><br/> Hoa Lo Prison achieved notoriety during the Second Indochina War as a place of incarceration for downed US pilots, who ironically nicknamed the prison the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. American prisoners of war held at Hoa Lo between 1964 and 1973 include Pete Peterson, who would later become the first US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1995; and John McCain, currently senior Republican Senator for Arizona and a recent presidential candidate, who was shot down over Hanoi in October, 1967.
The French colonial administration built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896. Originally intended to hold 450 prisoners, by the 1930s the number of detainees had soared to almost 2,000, the great majority political prisoners.<br/><br/> Hoa Lo Prison achieved notoriety during the Second Indochina War as a place of incarceration for downed US pilots, who ironically nicknamed the prison the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. American prisoners of war held at Hoa Lo between 1964 and 1973 include Pete Peterson, who would later become the first US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1995; and John McCain, currently senior Republican Senator for Arizona and a recent presidential candidate, who was shot down over Hanoi in October, 1967.
The French colonial administration built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896. Originally intended to hold 450 prisoners, by the 1930s the number of detainees had soared to almost 2,000, the great majority political prisoners.<br/><br/> Hoa Lo Prison achieved notoriety during the Second Indochina War as a place of incarceration for downed US pilots, who ironically nicknamed the prison the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. American prisoners of war held at Hoa Lo between 1964 and 1973 include Pete Peterson, who would later become the first US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1995; and John McCain, currently senior Republican Senator for Arizona and a recent presidential candidate, who was shot down over Hanoi in October, 1967.
The French colonial administration built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896. Originally intended to hold 450 prisoners, by the 1930s the number of detainees had soared to almost 2,000, the great majority political prisoners.<br/><br/> Hoa Lo Prison achieved notoriety during the Second Indochina War as a place of incarceration for downed US pilots, who ironically nicknamed the prison the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. American prisoners of war held at Hoa Lo between 1964 and 1973 include Pete Peterson, who would later become the first US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1995; and John McCain, currently senior Republican Senator for Arizona and a recent presidential candidate, who was shot down over Hanoi in October, 1967.
The French colonial administration built Hoa Lo Prison in 1896. Originally intended to hold 450 prisoners, by the 1930s the number of detainees had soared to almost 2,000, the great majority political prisoners.<br/><br/> Hoa Lo Prison achieved notoriety during the Second Indochina War as a place of incarceration for downed US pilots, who ironically nicknamed the prison the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. American prisoners of war held at Hoa Lo between 1964 and 1973 include Pete Peterson, who would later become the first US Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam after the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1995; and John McCain, currently senior Republican Senator for Arizona and a recent presidential candidate, who was shot down over Hanoi in October, 1967.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered satyagraha. This is defined as resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa, or total non-violence. This concept helped India gain independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.<br/><br/> Gandhi is often referred to as Mahatma Gandhi or 'Great Soul', an honorific first applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore. In India he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: 'Father') and officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation. His birthday, 2 October, is commemorated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi was assassinated on 30 January 1948 by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu Nationalist.
At the turn of the 20th century, Thailand, or Siam as it was then known, was going through a period of major modernisation under successive kings, King Mongkut, Rama IV (r. 1851—68) and King Chulalongkorn, Rama V (r. 1868—1910). Punishments for crimes were often severe and the death penalty was frequently employed, although leniency through Buddhist ethics was often used to resolve minor felonies.