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Felix Dzerzhinsky is best known for establishing and developing the Soviet secret police forces; serving as their director from 1917 to 1926. Later he was a member of the Soviet government heading several commissariats; while being the chief of the Soviet secret police.<br/><br/> The Cheka soon became notorious for mass summary executions; performed especially during the Red Terror and the Russian Civil War.
This engraving shows 'the front and profile view of a slave's head, with the mouth-piece and necklace, the hooks round which are placed to prevent an escapee when pursued in the woods, and to hinder them from laying down the head to procure rest'. 'At A [see letter over mouth of figure on the right] is a flat iron which goes into the mouth, and so effectually keeps down the tongue, that nothing can be swallowed, not even the saliva, a passage for which is made through holes in the mouth-plate'. On the lower right is an enlarged view of this mouth piece which 'when long worn, becomes so heated as frequently to bring off the skin along with it'. The lower left shows leg shackles used on the slave ships; also, 'spurs used on some plantations in Antigua' (placed on the legs to prevent slaves from absconding).
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
This bronze mirror with geometric designs has been designated as South Korean National Treasure No. 141 (December 21, 1971). Featuring a delicate deployment of patterns using slender lines, it represents the finest patterns of the Korean Bronze Age. The reverse side of this mirror has been polished to a fine sheen for reflective purposes.
Felix Dzerzhinsky is best known for establishing and developing the Soviet secret police forces; serving as their director from 1917 to 1926. Later he was a member of the Soviet government heading several commissariats; while being the chief of the Soviet secret police.<br/><br/> The Cheka soon became notorious for mass summary executions; performed especially during the Red Terror and the Russian Civil War.
Felix Dzerzhinsky is best known for establishing and developing the Soviet secret police forces; serving as their director from 1917 to 1926. Later he was a member of the Soviet government heading several commissariats; while being the chief of the Soviet secret police.<br/><br/> The Cheka soon became notorious for mass summary executions; performed especially during the Red Terror and the Russian Civil War.
Felix Dzerzhinsky is best known for establishing and developing the Soviet secret police forces; serving as their director from 1917 to 1926. Later he was a member of the Soviet government heading several commissariats; while being the chief of the Soviet secret police.<br/><br/> The Cheka soon became notorious for mass summary executions; performed especially during the Red Terror and the Russian Civil War.
The Lubyanka was originally built in 1898 as the headquarters of the All-Russia Insurance Company.<br/><br/> Following the Bolshevik Revolution, the structure was seized by the government for the headquarters of the secret police, then called the Cheka, subsequently the NKVD.
Felix Dzerzhinsky is best known for establishing and developing the Soviet secret police forces; serving as their director from 1917 to 1926. Later he was a member of the Soviet government heading several commissariats; while being the chief of the Soviet secret police.<br/><br/> The Cheka soon became notorious for mass summary executions; performed especially during the Red Terror and the Russian Civil War.
Mancheng County (Mànchéng Xiàn) is a county of west-central Hebei province, China, in the eastern foothills of the Taihang Mountains. It is administratively part of Baoding prefecture-level city, of which the Mancheng is a northwestern suburb.<br/><br/> Mancheng is the site of the Han dynasty tombs of king/prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Construction of the Qutb Minar was started in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi, and was carried on by his successor, Iltutmish. In 1368, Firoz Shah Tughlaq constructed the fifth and the last storey.<br/><br/> Delhi is said to be the site of Indraprashta, capital of the Pandavas of the Indian epic Mahabharata. Excavations have unearthed shards of painted pottery dating from around 1000 BCE, though the earliest known architectural relics date from the Mauryan Period, about 2,300 years ago. Since that time the site has been continuously settled.<br/><br/> The city was ruled by the Hindu Rajputs between about 900 and 1206 CE, when it became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate. In the mid-seventeenth century the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) established Old Delhi in its present location, including most notably the Red Fort or Lal Qila. The Old City served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards.<br/><br/> Delhi passed under British control in 1857 and became the capital of British India in 1911. In large scale rebuilding, parts of the Old City were demolished to provide room for a grand new city designed by Edward Lutyens. New Delhi became the capital of independent India in 1947.
The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty. Construction began in 1193 CE. It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India.<br/><br/> Construction of the Qutb Minar was started in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi, and was carried on by his successor, Iltutmish. In 1368, Firoz Shah Tughlaq constructed the fifth and the last storey.<br/><br/> Delhi is said to be the site of Indraprashta, capital of the Pandavas of the Indian epic Mahabharata. Excavations have unearthed shards of painted pottery dating from around 1000 BCE, though the earliest known architectural relics date from the Mauryan Period, about 2,300 years ago. Since that time the site has been continuously settled.<br/><br/> The city was ruled by the Hindu Rajputs between about 900 and 1206 CE, when it became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate. In the mid-seventeenth century the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) established Old Delhi in its present location, including most notably the Red Fort or Lal Qila. The Old City served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards.<br/><br/> Delhi passed under British control in 1857 and became the capital of British India in 1911. In large scale rebuilding, parts of the Old City were demolished to provide room for a grand new city designed by Edward Lutyens. New Delhi became the capital of independent India in 1947.
Construction of the Qutb Minar was started in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi, and was carried on by his successor, Iltutmish. In 1368, Firoz Shah Tughlaq constructed the fifth and the last storey.<br/><br/> Delhi is said to be the site of Indraprashta, capital of the Pandavas of the Indian epic Mahabharata. Excavations have unearthed shards of painted pottery dating from around 1000 BCE, though the earliest known architectural relics date from the Mauryan Period, about 2,300 years ago. Since that time the site has been continuously settled.<br/><br/> The city was ruled by the Hindu Rajputs between about 900 and 1206 CE, when it became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate. In the mid-seventeenth century the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) established Old Delhi in its present location, including most notably the Red Fort or Lal Qila. The Old City served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards.<br/><br/> Delhi passed under British control in 1857 and became the capital of British India in 1911. In large scale rebuilding, parts of the Old City were demolished to provide room for a grand new city designed by Edward Lutyens. New Delhi became the capital of independent India in 1947.
The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty. Construction began in 1193 CE. It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India.<br/><br/> Construction of the Qutb Minar was started in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi, and was carried on by his successor, Iltutmish. In 1368, Firoz Shah Tughlaq constructed the fifth and the last storey.<br/><br/> Delhi is said to be the site of Indraprashta, capital of the Pandavas of the Indian epic Mahabharata. Excavations have unearthed shards of painted pottery dating from around 1000 BCE, though the earliest known architectural relics date from the Mauryan Period, about 2,300 years ago. Since that time the site has been continuously settled.<br/><br/> The city was ruled by the Hindu Rajputs between about 900 and 1206 CE, when it became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate. In the mid-seventeenth century the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) established Old Delhi in its present location, including most notably the Red Fort or Lal Qila. The Old City served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards.<br/><br/> Delhi passed under British control in 1857 and became the capital of British India in 1911. In large scale rebuilding, parts of the Old City were demolished to provide room for a grand new city designed by Edward Lutyens. New Delhi became the capital of independent India in 1947.
The Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque was built by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty. Construction began in 1193 CE. It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India.<br/><br/> Construction of the Qutb Minar was started in 1192 by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, the first Sultan of Delhi, and was carried on by his successor, Iltutmish. In 1368, Firoz Shah Tughlaq constructed the fifth and the last storey.<br/><br/> Delhi is said to be the site of Indraprashta, capital of the Pandavas of the Indian epic Mahabharata. Excavations have unearthed shards of painted pottery dating from around 1000 BCE, though the earliest known architectural relics date from the Mauryan Period, about 2,300 years ago. Since that time the site has been continuously settled.<br/><br/> The city was ruled by the Hindu Rajputs between about 900 and 1206 CE, when it became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate. In the mid-seventeenth century the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan (1628–1658) established Old Delhi in its present location, including most notably the Red Fort or Lal Qila. The Old City served as the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1638 onwards.<br/><br/> Delhi passed under British control in 1857 and became the capital of British India in 1911. In large scale rebuilding, parts of the Old City were demolished to provide room for a grand new city designed by Edward Lutyens. New Delhi became the capital of independent India in 1947.
The Siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz by a French army from February 5, 1810 to August 24, 1812 during the Peninsular War. Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult for one of the most important sieges of the war. Defending the city were 2,000 Spanish troops who, as the siege progressed, received aid from 10,000 Spanish reinforcements as well as British and Portuguese troops.
The Siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz by a French army from February 5, 1810 to August 24, 1812 during the Peninsular War. Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult for one of the most important sieges of the war. Defending the city were 2,000 Spanish troops who, as the siege progressed, received aid from 10,000 Spanish reinforcements as well as British and Portuguese troops.
The Siege of Cádiz was a siege of the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz by a French army from February 5, 1810 to August 24, 1812 during the Peninsular War. Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult for one of the most important sieges of the war. Defending the city were 2,000 Spanish troops who, as the siege progressed, received aid from 10,000 Spanish reinforcements as well as British and Portuguese troops.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
Located about 7km northeast of Korla, the ancient strongpoint of Tiemenguan or 'Iron Gate' is set amid incredibly barren, harsh and crumbling mountains. It’s possible to understand the immense strategic significance of the ‘Iron Gate’ pass by climbing the 1,497 steps to the summit.<br/><br/> Here the tomb of the lovers Tzuhola and Tayir is set high above the narrow defile that once channelled the old Silk Road between two massive and impassable rocky outcrops. A small path winds by a stream, far below – nowadays all but unused, but for at least two millennia a narrow artery for men, good and camels passing between east and west.<br/><br/> Because of its strategic location controlling the Silk Road as it passed south of the Tian Shan and into the Tarim Basin, Tiemenguan was easily defended by garrison troops and almost impossible for merchants and other travellers to avoid.<br/><br/> For Uighurs the narrow pass is associated with tragedy in love. Long ago Tzuhola, a Uighur princess, fell in love with Tayir, a simple shepherd. Her father, the king, had intended the princess to marry a prince, and was greatly displeased. The two lovers fled into the mountains pursued by the king’s troops, who had orders to bring them back. They fell to their deaths near Tiemenguan and the king, who was heartbroken, ordered the building of a twin tomb so they could be together in the afterlife. A statue of the two lovers in flight on horseback has recently been erected near the tomb.
The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT; 'National Confederation of Labour') is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions affiliated with the International Workers Association (IWA; Spanish: AIT – Asociación Internacional de los Trabajadores).<br/><br/> When working with the latter group it is also known as CNT-AIT. Historically, the CNT has also been affiliated with the Federación Anarquista Ibérica (Iberian Anarchist Federation – FAI). In this capacity it was referred to as the CNT-FAI. Throughout its history, it has played a major role in the Spanish labor movement.
Down with the New Tsars!: Soviet Revisionists’ Anti-China Atrocities on the Heilung and Wusuli Rivers.<br/><br/> By March 1969, Sino–Russian border rivalries led to the Sino-Soviet border conflict at the Ussuri River and on Damansky–Zhenbao Island; more small-scale warfare occurred at Tielieketi in August.
Incense is composed of aromatic plant materials, often combined with essential oils. The forms taken by incense differ with the underlying culture, and have changed with advances in technology and increasing diversity in the reasons for burning it.<br/><br/> Incense can generally be separated into two main types: "indirect-burning" and "direct-burning." Indirect-burning incense (or "non-combustible incense") is not capable of burning on its own, and requires a separate heat source. Direct-burning incense (or "combustible incense") is lit directly by a flame and then fanned or blown out, leaving a glowing ember that smoulders and releases fragrance. Direct-burning incense comes in several forms, including incense sticks (or "joss sticks"), cones, and pyramids.
The Second Indochina War, known in America as the Vietnam War, was a Cold War era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, supported by the U.S. and other anti-communist nations. The U.S. government viewed involvement in the war as a way to prevent a communist takeover of South Vietnam and part of their wider strategy of containment.<br/><br/> The North Vietnamese government viewed the war as a colonial war, fought initially against France, backed by the U.S., and later against South Vietnam, which it regarded as a U.S. puppet state. U.S. military advisors arrived beginning in 1950. U.S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with U.S. troop levels tripling in 1961 and tripling again in 1962. U.S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965. Operations spanned borders, with Laos and Cambodia heavily bombed. Involvement peaked in 1968 at the time of the Tet Offensive.<br/><br/> U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973. The capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese army in April 1975 marked the end of the US-Vietnam War.
A typical domestic scene from the late Joseon Dynasty period showing two women dressed in traditional Hanbok clothing, ironing a robe using a long-handled ironing device filled with hot coals. There is a three legged stand for the iron, a basket full clothes waiting to be ironed, and a pile of neatly-ironed clothing beside the women.
(a) oven and bellows (b) bellows piston (c) large anvil (d) small anvil (e) tongs (f) hammer (g) water trough (h) ritual talisman
The Dayak are an indigenous people to Borneo, most renowned for their tradition of head-hunting.<br/><br/> The Dayak ethnicity covers more than 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic subgroups, located principally in the interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory and culture. Dayak languages are categorised as part of the Austronesian languages in Asia. The Dayak were animist in belief; however many converted to Christianity, and some to Islam more recently. Estimates for the Dayak population range from 2 to 4 million.
Admiral Sir William Hutcheon Hall, KCB, FRS (c. 1797 – 25 June 1878), was a British officer in the Royal Navy. He served in the First Anglo-Chinese War and Crimean War. In China, he commanded the iron steamship Nemesis of the East India Company.<br/><br/> In November 1839, Hall obtained command of Nemesis of the British East India Company in China, where he served in the First Anglo-Chinese War (1839–43). The ship's first engagement was against Chinese forts and a fleet of junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpee on 7 January 1841. He was Mentioned in Despatches for his part in the battle. He was also present at the Battle of First Bar on 27 February.<br/><br/> In commemoration of his service, he was commonly known in the navy as 'Nemesis Hall'. William Dallas Bernard, an Oxford graduate who studied life and customs in China, used Hall's notes to write an account of the war in the 'Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis from 1840 to 1843' (1844).
The national Persian epic, the ‘Shahnameh’, meaning ‘The King’s Chronicles’, is a poetic opus written around 1000 AD by Ferdowsi. Regarded as the national folktale of Greater Persia, the Shahnameh consists of some 60,000 verses and tells the mythical and historical past of (Greater) Iran from the creation of the world up until the Islamic conquest of Persia in the 7th century.
Suzuki Harunobu (鈴木 春信4, 1724 – July 7, 1770) was a Japanese woodblock print artist, one of the most famous in the Ukiyo-e style. He was an innovator, the first to produce full-color prints (nishiki-e) in 1765, rendering obsolete the former modes of two- and three-color prints.<br/><br/> Harunobu used many special techniques, and depicted a wide variety of subjects, from classical poems to contemporary beauties (bijin, bijin-ga). Like many artists of his day, Harunobu also produced a number of shunga, or erotic images.<br/><br/> During his lifetime and shortly afterwards, many artists imitated his style. A few, such as Harushige, even boasted of their ability to forge the work of the great master. Much about Harunobu's life is unknown.
The Lubyanka is the popular name for the headquarters of the KGB and affiliated prison on Lubyanka Square in Moscow, Russia. It is a large Neo-Baroque building with a facade of yellow brick designed by Alexander V. Ivanov in 1897 and augmented by Aleksey Shchusev from 1940 to 1947.
Li Tieguai, also known as Tieguai Li and born as Li Yuan, is a Chinese mythological character and one of the Eight Immortals. Though he is often portrayed as being ill-tempered and irascible, he is benevolent and kind to the poor, sick and the needy, curing and alleviating the pain of others with special medicine from his magical gourd. Li Tieguai was said to have been born during the Yuan Dynasty.<br/><br/> In Chinese folklore, Li Tieguai was said to have originally been Laozi's apprentice, which would have put his birth some time in the sixth century BCE rather than during the Yuan Dynasty. Either way, he is said to have devoted himself to religious contemplation for 40 years, overcoming various tests and tasks Laozi set for him eventually becoming an immortal.<br/><br/> Li Tieguai was said to have been a handsome man once, but during his path towards immortality, there was an incident when his spirit left his body and ascended to Heaven to meet other immortals. While away, his body was cremated, and when Li's spirit returned, he had to enter the corpse of an ugly and disheveled homeless beggar who had just recently starved to death. Li Tieguai is the second most popular of the Eight Immortals, and associated with medicine.
Li Tieguai, also known as Tieguai Li and born as Li Yuan, is a Chinese mythological character and one of the Eight Immortals. Though he is often portrayed as being ill-tempered and irascible, he is benevolent and kind to the poor, sick and the needy, curing and alleviating the pain of others with special medicine from his magical gourd. Li Tieguai was said to have been born during the Yuan Dynasty.<br/><br/> In Chinese folklore, Li Tieguai was said to have originally been Laozi's apprentice, which would have put his birth some time in the sixth century BCE rather than during the Yuan Dynasty. Either way, he is said to have devoted himself to religious contemplation for 40 years, overcoming various tests and tasks Laozi set for him eventually becoming an immortal.<br/><br/> Li Tieguai was said to have been a handsome man once, but during his path towards immortality, there was an incident when his spirit left his body and ascended to Heaven to meet other immortals. While away, his body was cremated, and when Li's spirit returned, he had to enter the corpse of an ugly and disheveled homeless beggar who had just recently starved to death. Li Tieguai is the second most popular of the Eight Immortals, and associated with medicine.
The temple's full name is Wat Benchamabophit Dusitvanaram. It is also known as the marble temple. Construction of the temple began in 1899 at the request of King Chulalongkorn after building his palace nearby. The temple's name literally means the Temple of the fifth King located nearby Dusit Palace. It was designed by Prince Naris, a half-brother of the king, and is built of Italian marble.
The temple's full name is Wat Benchamabophit Dusitvanaram. It is also known as the marble temple. Construction of the temple began in 1899 at the request of King Chulalongkorn after building his palace nearby. The temple's name literally means the Temple of the fifth King located nearby Dusit Palace. It was designed by Prince Naris, a half-brother of the king, and is built of Italian marble.
The temple's full name is Wat Benchamabophit Dusitvanaram. It is also known as the marble temple. Construction of the temple began in 1899 at the request of King Chulalongkorn after building his palace nearby. The temple's name literally means the Temple of the fifth King located nearby Dusit Palace. It was designed by Prince Naris, a half-brother of the king, and is built of Italian marble.
The temple's full name is Wat Benchamabophit Dusitvanaram. It is also known as the marble temple. Construction of the temple began in 1899 at the request of King Chulalongkorn after building his palace nearby. The temple's name literally means the Temple of the fifth King located nearby Dusit Palace. It was designed by Prince Naris, a half-brother of the king, and is built of Italian marble.
The temple's full name is Wat Benchamabophit Dusitvanaram. It is also known as the marble temple. Construction of the temple began in 1899 at the request of King Chulalongkorn after building his palace nearby. The temple's name literally means the Temple of the fifth King located nearby Dusit Palace. It was designed by Prince Naris, a half-brother of the king, and is built of Italian marble.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Wat Ratchanaddaram was built on the orders of King Nangklao (Rama III) for Mom Chao Ying Sommanus Wattanavadi in 1846. The temple is best known for the Loha Prasada (Loha Prasat), a multi-tiered structure 36 m high and having 37 metal spires. It is only the third Loha Prasada (Brazen Palace or Iron Monastery) to be built and is modelled after the earlier ones in India and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
Samurai is the term for the military nobility of pre-industrial Japan. By the end of the 12th century, samurai became almost entirely synonymous with bushi, and the word was closely associated with the middle and upper echelons of the warrior class.<br/><br/> The samurai followed a set of rules that came to be known as BushidÅ. While they numbered less than ten percent of Japan's population, samurai teachings can still be found today in both everyday life and in martial arts such as KendÅ, meaning the way of the sword.