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The bole-red color that made Iznik ceramics renowned was introduced in around 1560. In contrast to the other colors, which are traditional glaze pigments, this red is a slip that is frequently found in slight relief under the sparkling transparent glaze, another characteristic of the best products from Iznik. Local Turkish flora, with flowering cherry branches and roses, grace these tiles in an elegant manner. The tiles would have framed the opening to a little niche hollowed out of a wall.
Fritware tiles featuring hyacinths, tulips, and cherry branches, probably from Iznik, mid 16th century.
The Rüstem Pasha Mosque was designed by Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan for Grand Vizir Damat Rüstem Pasha (husband of one of the daughters of Suleiman the Magnificent, Princess Mihrimah). Rüstem Pasha died in July 1561 and the mosque was built after his death between 1561 and 1563.<br/><br/>Ä°znik ceramic ware, named after the town in western Anatolia where it was made, is a decorated ceramic that was produced from the last quarter of the 15th century until the end of the 17th century.<br/><br/> Although tulips are generally associated with the Netherlands, commercial cultivation of the flower began in the Ottoman Empire. The tulip, or lale (from Persian لاله, lâleh) as it is also called in Iran and Turkey, is a flower indigenous to a vast area encompassing arid parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The word tulip, which earlier appeared in English in forms such as tulipa or tulipant, entered the language by way of French tulipe and its obsolete form tulipan or by way of Modern Latin tulÄ«pa, from Ottoman Turkish tülbend.<br/><br/> The tulip is the national flower of Turkey.
First Crusade (1096-1099): The crusader armies crossed over into Asia Minor during the first half of 1097. The first objective of their campaign was Nicaea, previously a city under Byzantine rule, but which had become the capital of the Seljuq Sultanate of Rüm under Kilij Arslan I. On the Crusaders' arrival, the city was subjected to a lengthy siege, and when Arslan had word of it he rushed back to Nicaea and attacked the crusader army on 16 May. He was driven back by the unexpectedly large crusader force, with heavy losses being suffered on both sides in the ensuing battle. The siege continued, but the crusaders had little success as they found they could not blockade the lake upon which the city was situated, and from which it could be provisioned. In order to break the city, Alexios sent the Crusaders ships rolled over land on logs, and at the sight of them the Turkish garrison finally surrendered on 18 June.