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Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 143 million, Java is the home of 57 percent of the Indonesian population, and is the most populous island on Earth. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is located on western Java. Much of Indonesian history took place on Java. It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies. Java was also the center of the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1930s and 1940s. Java dominates Indonesia politically, economically and culturally.<br/><br/> Java is divided into four provinces, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Banten, and also two special regions, Jakarta and Yogyakarta.
Charles William Meredith van de Velde (born December 3, 1818 in Leeuwarden, died 20 March 1898 in Menton) was a Dutch lieutenant-at-sea second class, painter, honorary member of the Red Cross and missionary.
Kalasan (Indonesian: Candi Kalasan), also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta.<br/><br/> Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/> Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/> The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.