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Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy. These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation.<br/><br/> During his career, Kepler was a mathematics teacher at a seminary school in Graz, Austria, where he became an associate of Prince Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg. Later he became an assistant to astronomer Tycho Brahe, and eventually the imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II and his two successors Matthias and Ferdinand II. He was also a mathematics teacher in Linz, Austria, and an adviser to General Wallenstein. Additionally, he did fundamental work in the field of optics, invented an improved version of the refracting telescope (the Keplerian Telescope), and mentioned the telescopic discoveries of his contemporary Galileo Galilei.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
The 15th century Holy Trinity Church was built by the Neuhaus family and was consecrated in 1475. The church stands behind a wall that the local population built to protect itself from Turkish attacks in the 16th century.<br/><br/> The interior is decorated with Gothic frescoes by the artist John of Kastav (Johannes de Castua), the most famous being <i>Danse Macabre</i> (Dance of Death), and completed in 1490.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.<br/><br/> Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His acclaim is due to the engineering of these elements into a practical system for the mass production of printed books, that was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type was an improvement over the Chinese Bi Sheng's from 400 years earlier, and is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type.<br/><br/> The use of durable metallic movable type allowed rapid mass production of printed works. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and quickly replaced most of the handwritten manuscript methods of book production throughout the world. Woodblock printing, rubrication, and engraving continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process.<br/><br/> His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible.
Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works <i>Astronomia nova</i>, <i>Harmonices Mundi</i>, and <i>Epitome of Copernican Astronomy</i>. These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation.<br/><br/> During his career, Kepler was a mathematics teacher at a seminary school in Graz, Austria, where he became an associate of Prince Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg. Later he became an assistant to astronomer Tycho Brahe, and eventually the imperial mathematician to Emperor Rudolf II and his two successors Matthias and Ferdinand II. He was also a mathematics teacher in Linz, Austria, and an adviser to General Wallenstein. Additionally, he did fundamental work in the field of optics, invented an improved version of the refracting telescope (the Keplerian Telescope), and mentioned the telescopic discoveries of his contemporary Galileo Galilei.
Raibag is a town in the southern state of Karnataka, India. Vijayapur city, formerly Bijapur, is the district headquarters of Bijapur District of Karnataka state. It is also the headquarters for Bijapur Taluka.<br/><br/> Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural importance built during the rule of the Adil Shahi dynasty. Bijapur is located 530 km northwest of Bangalore and about 550 km inland from Mumbai, and 384 km west of the city of Hyderabad.
Kalasan (Indonesian: Candi Kalasan), also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta.<br/><br/> Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/> Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/> The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
The Dutch East India Company captured the town of Cannanore (now Kannur) on India’s southwest coast from the Portuguese in 1663. At that time, the Portuguese military position on the Malabar Coast had been seriously diminished so the company met with virtually no resistance.<br/><br/> The region produced pepper and cardamom, the latter spice used to make sweet biscuits. The company ultimately lost Cannanore to the British in 1790.
Colombo is the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, the legislative capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is within the urban area of, and a satellite city of, Colombo.<br/><br/> Due to its large harbour and its strategic position along the East-West sea trade routes, Colombo was known to ancient traders 2,000 years ago. It was made the capital of the island when Sri Lanka was ceded to the British Empire in 1815, and its status as capital was retained when the nation became independent in 1948. In 1978, when administrative functions were moved to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, Colombo was designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka.
Cochin (now Kochi), on India’s southwest coast, was a Portuguese fortified town from 1500. In 1663 the Dutch East India Company captured the town for its pepper trade. The Dutch reduced the fort by two thirds so that it would be easier to defend. Portuguese monasteries and churches were converted into warehouses.<br/><br/> Known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea, Kochi was an important spice trading centre on the west coast of India from the 14th century. Occupied by the Portuguese Empire in 1503, Kochi was the first of the European colonies in colonial India. It remained the main seat of Portuguese India until 1530, when Goa was chosen instead. The city was later occupied by the Dutch and the British, with the Kingdom of Cochin becoming a princely state.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.<br/><br/> Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His acclaim is due to the engineering of these elements into a practical system for the mass production of printed books, that was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type was an improvement over the Chinese Bi Sheng's from 400 years earlier, and is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type.<br/><br/> The use of durable metallic movable type allowed rapid mass production of printed works. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and quickly replaced most of the handwritten manuscript methods of book production throughout the world. Woodblock printing, rubrication, and engraving continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process.<br/><br/> His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible.
Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya) was a Siamese kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767. Ayutthaya was friendly towards foreign traders, including the Chinese, Vietnamese, Indians, Japanese and Persians, and later the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French, permitting them to set up villages outside the walls of the capital, also called Ayutthaya.<br/><br/> In the sixteenth century, it was described by foreign traders as one of the biggest and wealthiest cities in the East. The court of King Narai (1656–88) had strong links with that of King Louis XIV of France, whose ambassadors compared the city in size and wealth to Paris.<br/><br/> By 1550, the kingdom's vassals included some city-states in the Malay Peninsula, Sukhothai, and parts of Cambodia.
Longvek was a city in ancient Cambodia, the capital city of the country after the sacking of Angkor by the Siamese in 1431. Little more than a village today in Kampong Chhnang Province, it lies just north of Oudong.<br/><br/> Longvek was chosen by King Ang Chan (Ponhea Chan) after the sacking of Angkor by the Siamese as a new capital because of its more readily defensible terrain. As a result there was a time when Cambodia was often referred to as 'Lovek' or 'Longvek' by foreign travellers.<br/><br/> As early as1609 the Dutch East India Company was sailing to Cambodia to acquire deer hides and ray skins, as well as provisions such as rice, butter, pork and lard, for Batavia. The Dutch trading post depicted in this painting was founded in 1620. The trade results were variable and the company eventually pulled out of Cambodia in 1667.
Banda Neira is the only settlement of significant size on any of the Banda Islands, located in the Maluku province of Indonesia. The town is located on the central island of the Bandas group, Banda Neira, the only one of the islands with enough flat space to allow a small town. Located in Bandanaira are government offices, stores, a wharf, and almost half of the archipelago's 14,000 population.<br/><br/> Banda Neira was once the global center of the trade in nutmeg and mace, as the Bandas Islands were the only source of these valuable spices until the mid-19th century. The modern town was established by members of the Dutch East India Company as the capital of the Governorate of the Banda Islands. The Dutch forced out or exterminated most of the native Bandanese in order to exploit this lucrative resource.
During the 17th century European enterprises were refused entry into Canton. It was only in the 18th century that Europeans were permitted to establish themselves along the Pearl River.<br/><br/> Chinese middlemen sold tea, porcelain and silk to the Westerners, who lived in isolation in their warehouses or 'factiories' on the quay and rarely set foot in Canton itself.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.<br/><br/> Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His acclaim is due to the engineering of these elements into a practical system for the mass production of printed books, that was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is an improvement over the Chinese Bi Sheng's from 400 years earlier, and is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type.<br/><br/> The use of durable metallic movable type allowed rapid mass production of printed works. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and quickly replaced most of the handwritten manuscript methods of book production throughout the world. Woodblock printing, rubrication, and engraving continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process.<br/><br/> His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.<br/><br/> Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His acclaim is due to the engineering of these elements into a practical system for the mass production of printed books, that was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is an improvement over the Chinese Bi Sheng's from 400 years earlier, and is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type.<br/><br/> The use of durable metallic movable type allowed rapid mass production of printed works. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and quickly replaced most of the handwritten manuscript methods of book production throughout the world. Woodblock printing, rubrication, and engraving continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process.<br/><br/> His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible.
At left in the foreground, a printer removes a printed page from the press. The printer at right is inking the plate. In the background, compositors are using cast type. Presses of this type could make 240 prints per hour.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.<br/><br/> Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His acclaim is due to the engineering of these elements into a practical system for the mass production of printed books, that was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is an improvement over the Chinese Bi Sheng's from 400 years earlier, and is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type.<br/><br/> The use of durable metallic movable type allowed rapid mass production of printed works. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and quickly replaced most of the handwritten manuscript methods of book production throughout the world. Woodblock printing, rubrication, and engraving continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process.<br/><br/> His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible.
The Order of Cistercians (Latin: Ordo Cisterciensis or, alternatively, O.C.S.O. for the Trappists [Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance]) is a Catholic religious order of enclosed monks and nuns. They are sometimes also called the Bernardines or the White Monks, in reference to the colour of the habit, over which a black scapular is worn.<br/><br/> The emphasis of Cistercian life is on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales.
The painting Girl with a Pearl Earring (Dutch: Het Meisje met de Parel) is one of Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer's masterworks and as the name implies, uses a pearl earring for a focal point. Today the painting is kept in the Mauritshuis gallery in the Hague. It is sometimes referred to as 'the Mona Lisa of the North' or 'the Dutch Mona Lisa'.<br/><br/> For thousands of years, most seawater pearls were retrieved by divers working in the Indian Ocean, in areas like the Persian Gulf, the Red Sea, and in the Gulf of Mannar. In the 14th-century Arabian Sea, the traveller Ibn Battuta provided the earliest known description of pearl diving by means of attaching a cord to the diver's waist.<br/><br/> Before the beginning of the 20th century, pearl hunting was the most common way of harvesting pearls. Divers manually pulled oysters from ocean floors and river bottoms and checked them individually for pearls. Not all mussels and oysters produce pearls. In a haul of three tons, only three or four oysters may produce perfect pearls.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
The naval Battle of Leghorn (the Dutch call the encounter by the Italian name Livorno) took place on 14 March (4 March Old Style) 1653, during the First Anglo-Dutch War, near Leghorn (Livorno), Italy. It was a victory of a Dutch fleet under Commodore Johan van Galen over an English squadron under Captain Henry Appleton. Afterward an English fleet under Captain Richard Badiley, which Appleton had been trying to reach, came up but was outnumbered and fled. The battle gave the Dutch command of the Mediterranean, placing the English trade with the Levant at their mercy, but Van Galen was mortally wounded, dying on 23 March.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
The Atlas Maior is the final version of Joan Blaeu's atlas, published in Amsterdam between 1662 and 1672, in Latin (11 volumes), French (12 volumes), Dutch (9 volumes), German (10 volumes) and Spanish (10 volumes), containing 594 maps and around 3000 pages of text.<br/><br/> It was the largest and most expensive book published in the seventeenth century. Earlier, much smaller versions, titled Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive, Atlas Novus, were published from 1634 onwards.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
A 1639 nautical map of Hispaniola (center-left), the most populous island in the Americas, and Puerto Rico (right). The name originally given by Christopher Columbus, who founded the first European colonies in the New World here during his first two voyages, was La Isla Espanola (&quot;the Spanish island&quot;), which was shortened to Espanola and then Latinised to Hispaniola.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
Johannes Lepsius (15 December 1858, Potsdam, Germany – 3 February 1926, Meran, Italy) was a German Protestant missionary, Orientalist, and humanist.<br/><br/> During World War I he published his work 'Bericht über die Lage des armenischen Volkes in der Türkei' ('Report on the situation of the Armenian People in Turkey') in which he meticulously documented and condemned the Armenian Genocide. A second edition included an interview with Enver Pasha, one of the chief architects of the genocide.<br/><br/> Lepsius had to publish the report secretly because Turkey was an ally of the German Empire and the official military censorship soon forbade the publication because it feared that it would affront the strategically important Turkish ally. However Lepsius managed to distribute more than 20,000 copies of the report.<br/><br/> Today, the intellectual heritage of Johannes Lepsius was collected by the German church historian Hermann Goltz, who installed the 'Johannes Lepsius Archive' in Halle upon Saale with Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
The Dieng Plateau is the location of eight small Hindu temples. It is unclear when they were built, estimated to range from mid 7th century to end of 8th century CE; they are the oldest known standing stone structures in Java. They are originally thought to have numbered 400 but only eight remain. The temples are believed to have been named after the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.<br/><br/>Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
Johannes Lepsius (15 December 1858, Potsdam, Germany – 3 February 1926, Meran, Italy) was a German Protestant missionary, Orientalist, and humanist.<br/><br/> During World War I he published his work 'Bericht über die Lage des armenischen Volkes in der Türkei' ('Report on the situation of the Armenian People in Turkey') in which he meticulously documented and condemned the Armenian Genocide. A second edition included an interview with Enver Pasha, one of the chief architects of the genocide.<br/><br/> Lepsius had to publish the report secretly because Turkey was an ally of the German Empire and the official military censorship soon forbade the publication because it feared that it would affront the strategically important Turkish ally. However Lepsius managed to distribute more than 20,000 copies of the report.<br/><br/> Today, the intellectual heritage of Johannes Lepsius was collected by the German church historian Hermann Goltz, who installed the 'Johannes Lepsius Archive' in Halle upon Saale with Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Kalasan (Indonesian: Candi Kalasan), also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta.<br/><br/>Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
Kalasan (Indonesian: Candi Kalasan), also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Indonesia. It is located 13 km east of Yogyakarta.<br/><br/>Candi are the Hindu and Buddhist temples and sanctuaries of Indonesia, mostly built during the 8th to 15th centuries. However, ancient non-religious structures such as gates, urban ruins, and pools and bathing places are often also called 'candi'.<br/><br/>Candi refers to a structure based on the Indian type of single-celled shrine, with a pyramidal tower above it, and a portico. The term Candi is given as a prefix to the many temple-mountains in Indonesia, built as a representation of the Cosmic Mount Meru, an epitome of the universe. However, the term also applied to many non-religious structures dated from the same period, such as gopura (gates), petirtaan (pools) and some habitation complexes.<br/><br/>The term 'candi' itself derived from Candika one of the manifestations of the goddess Durga as the goddess of death. This suggested that in ancient Indonesia the 'candi' had a mortuary function as well as a connection with the afterlife.
Johannes Lepsius (15 December 1858, Potsdam, Germany – 3 February 1926, Meran, Italy) was a German Protestant missionary, Orientalist, and humanist.<br/><br/> During World War I he published his work 'Bericht über die Lage des armenischen Volkes in der Türkei' ('Report on the situation of the Armenian People in Turkey') in which he meticulously documented and condemned the Armenian Genocide. A second edition included an interview with Enver Pasha, one of the chief architects of the genocide.<br/><br/> Lepsius had to publish the report secretly because Turkey was an ally of the German Empire and the official military censorship soon forbade the publication because it feared that it would affront the strategically important Turkish ally. However Lepsius managed to distribute more than 20,000 copies of the report.<br/><br/> Today, the intellectual heritage of Johannes Lepsius was collected by the German church historian Hermann Goltz, who installed the 'Johannes Lepsius Archive' in Halle upon Saale with Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.
Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg was a blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced the printing press. His usage of movable type printing started the Printing Revolution and is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.<br/><br/> Gutenberg was the first European to use movable type printing, in around 1439. Among his many contributions to printing are: the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period. His acclaim is due to the engineering of these elements into a practical system for the mass production of printed books, that was economically viable for printers and readers alike. Gutenberg's method for making type is an improvement over the Chinese Bi Sheng's from 400 years earlier, and is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type.<br/><br/> The use of durable metallic movable type allowed rapid mass production of printed works. Gutenberg's printing technology spread rapidly throughout Europe, and quickly replaced most of the handwritten manuscript methods of book production throughout the world. Woodblock printing, rubrication, and engraving continued to be used to supplement Gutenberg's printing process.<br/><br/> His first major work using his printing methods was the Gutenberg Bible.