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The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (Mongolian: Hülegü-yn Ulus; Mongolian Cyrillic: Хүлэгийн улс; Persian: سلسله ایلخانی), was a Mongol khanate established in Azerbaijan and Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on Genghis Khan's campaigns in the Khwarezmid Empire in 1219–1224, and founded by Genghis's grandson, Hulagu, in territories which today comprise most of Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and some regions of western Pakistan. The Ilkhanate initially embraced many religions, but was particularly sympathetic to Buddhism and Christianity. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, embraced Islam.
The Khwarezm Shahs were a Persianate Turkish Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled over Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and western Afghanistan from a succession of capitals at Urgench, Samarkand, Ghazni and Tabriz.<br/><br/> Trade contacts between the Khwarezmids and China’s Song Dynasty (960-1279) were maintained via the Silk Road as well as by sea, but while Chinese porcelain techniques and designs strongly influenced Islamic potters, there is little indication of Chinese artistic influence on Iran and Central Asia through paintings.<br/><br/> In 1218 Genghis Khan sent ambassadors to Khwarezm, but they were seized and executed, prompting a Mongol invasion in 1220 that captured Bukhara, Urgench and Samarkand, resulting in the total destruction of the Khwarezmian state.
The Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh, (Mongolian: Судрын чуулган, Sudar-yn Chuulgan; Arabic: جامع التواريخ ‎; Persian: جامع‌التواریخ ), ('Compendium of Chronicles') or Universal History is an Iranian work of literature and history written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani at the start of the 14th century.