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Dr Marion Alonzo Cheek (1853-1895), was a physician, businessman and sometime missionary in Chiang Mai, 1875-95.<br/><br/> His map, drawn for the Presbyterian Mission, indicates the Shan States in brown as 'tributary to Burmah' (although Jinghong, here identified as Cheung Hoong, was and remains a part of China) and the 'Independent Laos Tribes' corresponding approximately to the semi-independent Tai territory of Sipsongchuthai, now a part of Vietnam.<br/><br/> The northern Tai Kingdom of Lan Na, based on Chiang Mai, and the Lao Kingdom of Lan Chang, based on Luang Prabang, are coloured green and represented jointly as 'Laos', while the former Kingdom of Siam, based on Bangkok, encompasses southern Laos (including Vientiane) and a large part of northwest Cambodia, including Angkor Wat and Siem Reap.
Tharangambadi, formerly Tranquebar, is a town in the Nagapattinam district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It lies 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of Karaikal, near the mouth of a distributary of the Kaveri River.<br/><br/> It was a Danish colony from 1620 to 1845, and in Danish it is still known as Trankebar.
One of the earliest Western maps showing details of northern and central Vietnam appeared in Father Alexander de Rhodes' 'Histoire du royaume de Tunquin', published in Rome in 1650.<br/><br/> This map is from the French edition, published a year later in Lyon. Oriented with the north to the right, 'Regnu Annam' shows the extent of seventeenth-century Vietnam, then divided between two rival dynasties, one in the north and the other in central Vietnam. Remnants of the Cham kingdom, eventually destroyed by the Vietnamese, still exist in the south.<br/><br/> To the west, are the highlands occupied by 'Rumoi' (upland minority groups, later called "montagnards" by the French). The limited Western knowledge of the interior is illustrated by the large region labeled 'Solitudo'.
Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar, also known as Shahanshah or Akbar the Great (1542—1605), was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Humayun, and the grandson of Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. By the end of his reign in 1605, the Mughal empire covered most of the northern and central India and was one of the most powerful empires of its age.
'Slow slicing' (pinyin: língchí, alternately transliterated Ling Chi or Leng T'che), also translated as the slow process, the lingering death, or death by a thousand cuts, was a form of execution used in China from roughly 900 CE until its abolition in 1905. In this form of execution, the condemned person was killed by using a knife to methodically remove portions of the body over an extended period of time. The term língchí derives from a classical description of ascending a mountain slowly.<br/><br/> Lingchi was reserved for crimes viewed as especially severe, such as treason and killing one's parents. The process involved tying the person to be executed to a wooden frame, usually in a public place. The flesh was then cut from the body in multiple slices in a process that was not specified in detail in Chinese law and therefore most likely varied. In later times, opium was sometimes administered either as an act of mercy or as a way of preventing fainting. The punishment worked on three levels: as a form of public humiliation, as a slow and lingering death, and as a punishment after death. The latter as to be cut to pieces meant that the body of the victim would not be 'whole' in a spiritual life after death.
Alice Mildred Cable 蓋群英 (21 February 1878-30 April 1952) was born in Guildford, she was a British Protestant Christian missionary in China, serving with the China Inland Mission.<br/><br/> Francesca Law French 馮貴石 (alternative name: Feng Guishi 馮貴石), (12 December 1871-2 August 1960) was a British Protestant Christian missionary in China. She served with the China Inland Mission.<br/><br/> Evangeline Frances 'Eva' French 馮貴珠 (Alternative name: Feng Guizhu 馮貴珠) (1869-8 July 1960) was a British Protestant Christian missionary in China. She served with the China Inland Mission (CIM)
Dr Paul Neis undertook a scientific mission to Cochinchina and Laos on behalf of the French Minister of Public Education. He returned to Bangkok by way of Chiang Mai and north Thailand. His mission lasted for 19 months between 1882 and 1884.
João I of Kongo, alias Nzinga a Nkuwu or Nkuwu Nzinga, was ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo between 1470-1506. He was baptized as João in 3 May 1491 by Portuguese missionaries. Initially, only the king and his nobles were to be converted, but the queen demanded to be baptised. Kongo's royal family took the names of their Portuguese counterparts, thus João, Eleanor (or Leanor in some instances) and Afonso. A thousand subjects were detailed to help the Portuguese carpenters build a church, meanwhile the Portuguese soldiers accompanied the king in a campaign to defend the province of Nsundi from BaTeke raiders. The European firearms were decisive in the victory and many captives were taken. Most of the Portuguese later departed with slaves and ivory while leaving behind priests and craftsmen. After this cultural honeymoon, the king's profession of the Catholic faith proved short lived. His life ended in 1506. He was succeeded by his son via the Queen, Afonso I.
The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, is a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (Nanking), the former capital of the Republic of China, on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. During this period, hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered and 20,000–80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.
The practice of Christianity in Korea revolves around two of its largest branches, Protestantism and Catholicism, accounting for 8.6 million and 5.3 million members respectively. Roman Catholicism was first introduced during the late Joseon Dynasty period. In 1603, Yi Gwang-jeong, Korean diplomat, returned from Beijing carrying several theological books written by Matteo Ricci, a Jesuit missionary to China. He began disseminating the information in the books and the first seeds of Christianity were sown. In 1758 King Yeongjo of Joseon officially outlawed Catholicism as an evil practice. Roman Catholicism was again introduced in 1785 by Yi Seung-hun. Korean Christians were subject to persecution and hardship.<br/><br/>Many were martyred, especially during the Catholic Persecution of 1801 and later. The Joseon Dynasty saw the new religion as a subversive influence and persecuted its earliest followers in Korea, culminating in the Catholic Persecution of 1866, in which 8,000 Catholics across the country were killed, including 9 French missionaries. The opening of Korea to the outside world in the following years brought religious toleration for the remaining Catholics and also introduced Protestantism. The first Presbyterian missionary in Korea, Horace Newton Allen, arrived in 1884 and remained in Korea until 1890, by which time he had been joined by many others.
The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, is a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (Nanking), the former capital of the Republic of China, on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. During this period, hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered and 20,000–80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.
The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, is a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (Nanking), the former capital of the Republic of China, on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. During this period, hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered and 20,000–80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.
Born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Pallu was recruited by Alexander de Rhodes as a secular clergy volunteer, assigned to become a missionary in Asia. In 1658 Mgr Pallu became Bishop of Heliopolis, Vicar apostolic of Tonkin, Laos, and five provinces of southwest China.<br/><br/> After considerable difficulties and several years delay, Pallu co-founded in 1665-66 the general seminary in Ayutthaya, Siam. From 1667 to 1673 Pallu was in France, where he published an account of the French missions in Southeast Asia. He returned to Siam in 1673.<br/><br/> In 1674, Mgr Pallu was sailing to his archdiocese in Tonkin, but met with a storm and had to land in Manila. He was imprisoned by the Spanish and put on a ship to Acapulco and from there to Spain to be judged. He was finally freed through the intervention of Pope Innocent XI and Louis XIV. After this involuntary trip around the world, he was only able to return to Siam in July 1682.<br/><br/> In 1684, Pallu arrived in China, where he took charge of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fuzhou. He died in the same year in Muyang, Jiangsu.
Born in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, Pallu was recruited by Alexander de Rhodes as a secular clergy volunteer, assigned to become a missionary in Asia. In 1658 Mgr Pallu became Bishop of Heliopolis, Vicar apostolic of Tonkin, Laos, and five provinces of southwest China.<br/><br/> After considerable difficulties and several years delay, Pallu co-founded in 1665-66 the general seminary in Ayutthaya, Siam. From 1667 to 1673 Pallu was in France, where he published an account of the French missions in Southeast Asia. He returned to Siam in 1673.<br/><br/> In 1674, Mgr Pallu was sailing to his archdiocese in Tonkin, but met with a storm and had to land in Manila. He was imprisoned by the Spanish and put on a ship to Acapulco and from there to Spain to be judged. He was finally freed through the intervention of Pope Innocent XI and Louis XIV. After this involuntary trip around the world, he was only able to return to Siam in July 1682.<br/><br/> In 1684, Pallu arrived in China, where he took charge of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fuzhou. He died in the same year in Muyang, Jiangsu.