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<i>Naraka</i> (Sanskrit; Pali: <i>Niraya</i>) is a term in Buddhist cosmology usually referred to in English as 'hell'. The <i>Naraka</i> of Buddhism is closely related to <i>Diyu</i>, the hell of Chinese mythology.<br/><br/>

A <i>Naraka</i> differs from the hell of Christianity in two respects: firstly, beings are not sent to <i>Naraka</i> as the result of a divine judgment and punishment; secondly, the length of a being's stay in a <i>Naraka</i> is not eternal, though it is usually very long.
Sir Richard Carnac Temple, 2nd Baronet CB, CIE (15 October 1850  – 3 March 1931) was the British Chief Commissioner of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and an anthropological writer.<br/><br/><i>The Thirty-Seven Nats</i> is a highly illustrated study of animism in Burma, published in 1906.