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The Second Anglo-Afghan War was waged between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880. A consequence of the Great Game between Britain and Russia, the conflict was instigated by the latter sending an uninvited diplomatic mission to Kabul, despite the wishes and protestations of Sher Ali Khan, the Amir of Afghanistan. When a British demand for their own diplomatic mission was refused, the Second Anglo-Afghan War commenced.<br/><br/> The first phase of the invasion saw a string of British military victories that led to the Treaty of Gandamak, which saw Afghan foreign affairs given over to the British in exchange for internal sovereignty and military protection; British representatives were installed in Kabul to secure the deal. When the representatives were slaughtered by an uprising in 1879 however, the second phase of the war began, which once again saw the British reigning supreme and the ceding of further territories from Afghanistan.
Pelagius (Pelayo, Pelayu; c. 685 – 737) was a Visigothic nobleman who founded the Kingdom of Asturias, ruling it from 718 until his death. Through his victory at the Battle of Covadonga, he is credited with beginning the <i>Reconquista</i>, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian peninsula from the Moors. He established an independent Christian state in opposition to Moorish hegemony.
The Hiranyavarna Mahavihara, or Golden Temple, is one of the Kathmandu Valley’s major showcases of art and architecture. Supposedly founded in the 12th century by King Bhaskara Deva Varma, the temple, as it presents itself today, mostly dates back to the 18th century.<br/><br/> The entire facade of the main shrine is covered with gilded copper, as are the very detailed torana and all the roofs. In the middle of the courtyard sits an additional little temple building, its roof likewise gilded, and its front fitted with a golden door and decorated with a number of golden statues. The two statues at the extreme left show King Bhaskara Deva Varma and his wife kneeling respectfully and gazing towards the main shrine, which is devoted to the Akshobhya Buddha.
The Hiranyavarna Mahavihara, or Golden Temple, is one of the Kathmandu Valley’s major showcases of art and architecture. Supposedly founded in the 12th century by King Bhaskara Deva Varma, the temple, as it presents itself today, mostly dates back to the 18th century.<br/><br/> The entire facade of the main shrine is covered with gilded copper, as are the very detailed torana and all the roofs. In the middle of the courtyard sits an additional little temple building, its roof likewise gilded, and its front fitted with a golden door and decorated with a number of golden statues. The two statues at the extreme left show King Bhaskara Deva Varma and his wife kneeling respectfully and gazing towards the main shrine, which is devoted to the Akshobhya Buddha.
The Hiranyavarna Mahavihara, or Golden Temple, is one of the Kathmandu Valley’s major showcases of art and architecture. Supposedly founded in the 12th century by King Bhaskara Deva Varma, the temple, as it presents itself today, mostly dates back to the 18th century.<br/><br/> The entire facade of the main shrine is covered with gilded copper, as are the very detailed torana and all the roofs. In the middle of the courtyard sits an additional little temple building, its roof likewise gilded, and its front fitted with a golden door and decorated with a number of golden statues. The two statues at the extreme left show King Bhaskara Deva Varma and his wife kneeling respectfully and gazing towards the main shrine, which is devoted to the Akshobhya Buddha.
From 1861 to 1890 the Munich publishing firm of Braun and Schneider published plates of historic and contemporary costume in their magazine Munchener Bilderbogen.<br/><br/> These plates were eventually collected in book form and published at the turn of the century in Germany and England.
Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (2 January 1895 – 17 September 1948) was a Swedish diplomat and nobleman. During World War II he negotiated the release of about 31,000 prisoners from German concentration camps including 450 Danish Jews from the Theresienstadt camp. They were released on 14 April 1945. In 1945, he received a German surrender offer from Heinrich Himmler, though the offer was ultimately rejected.<br/><br/> After the war, Bernadotte was unanimously chosen to be the United Nations Security Council mediator in the Arab–Israeli conflict of 1947–1948. He was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1948 by the militant Zionist group Lehi while pursuing his official duties. The decision to assassinate him had been taken by Natan Yellin-Mor, Yisrael Eldad, and Yitzhak Shamir, who later became Prime Minister of Israel.
Onakatomi no Kiyomaro (702 – September 6, 788) was a Japanese noble of the Nara period. Born the seventh son of the chunagon Nakatomi no Omimaro of the Nakatomi clan, he changed his name and founded the Onakatomi clan. He reached the court rank of <i>sho ni-i</i> and the position of <i>udaijin</i> or Minister of the Right.
Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (2 January 1895 – 17 September 1948) was a Swedish diplomat and nobleman. During World War II he negotiated the release of about 31,000 prisoners from German concentration camps including 450 Danish Jews from the Theresienstadt camp. They were released on 14 April 1945. In 1945, he received a German surrender offer from Heinrich Himmler, though the offer was ultimately rejected.<br/><br/> After the war, Bernadotte was unanimously chosen to be the United Nations Security Council mediator in the Arab–Israeli conflict of 1947–1948. He was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1948 by the militant Zionist group Lehi while pursuing his official duties. The decision to assassinate him had been taken by Natan Yellin-Mor, Yisrael Eldad, and Yitzhak Shamir, who later became Prime Minister of Israel.
In 717-718, Kibi was part of the Japanese mission to Tang China (Kentoshi) along with Abe no Nakamaro and Genbo.<br/><br/> Kibi stayed in China for 17 years before returning to Japan. He is credited with bringing back a number of things, introducing the game of Go to Japan for the first time, as well as the art of embroidery.
From 1861 to 1890 the Munich publishing firm of Braun and Schneider published plates of historic and contemporary costume in their magazine Munchener Bilderbogen.<br/><br/> These plates were eventually collected in book form and published at the turn of the century in Germany and England.
In 757 Yakatsugu was appointed governor of Sagami province, in 759 the governor of Mikawa province, and in 761 the governor of Kazusa province.<br/><br/> In 761 he was also appointed vice-envoy to Tang dynasty China, but in the next year was replaced by Fujiwara no Tamaro without making the journey.
From 1861 to 1890 the Munich publishing firm of Braun and Schneider published plates of historic and contemporary costume in their magazine Munchener Bilderbogen.<br/><br/> These plates were eventually collected in book form and published at the turn of the century in Germany and England.
Durrani or Abdali is the name of a chief Sarbani Pashtun tribal confederation in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Originally known by their ancient name Abdali, they have been called Durrani since the beginning of the Durrani Empire in 1747.<br/><br/> The number of Durranis are estimated to be roughly 16% of the population of Afghanistan or 5 million individuals. Durrani are found throughout Afghanistan and Pakistan, although large concentrations are found in the South, they are also found to less extent in East, West and Central Afghanistan. Many Durranis are found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces of Pakistan and in a lesser number in India, many of whom adopted Urdu as their language.<br/><br/> The Durrani Pashtuns of the Afghan capital Kabul are usually bilingual in Pashto and Dari Persian. The ruling Sadozai and Barakzai dynasties of Afghanistan were originally from the Durrani.
Jodhpur (Rajasthani: जोधपुर), (Urdu: جودهپُور ‎) is the 2nd largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located 335 kilometres (208 mi) west of the state capital, Jaipur and 200 kilometres (124 mi) from the city of Ajmer. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar.<br/><br/> The city is known as the 'Blue City' due to the vivid blue-painted houses around the Mehrangarh Fort. The old city circles the fort and is bounded by a wall with several gates. However, the city has expanded greatly outside the wall over the past several decades. Jodhpur lies near the geographic centre of Rajasthan state, which makes it a convenient base for travel in the region.
Mughal painting is a particular style of South Asian painting, generally confined to miniatures either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums, which emerged from Persian miniature painting, with Indian Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist influences, and developed largely in the court of the Mughal Empire (16th - 19th centuries), and later spread to other Indian courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and later Sikh.
Mughal painting is a particular style of South Asian painting, generally confined to miniatures either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums, which emerged from Persian miniature painting, with Indian Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist influences, and developed largely in the court of the Mughal Empire (16th - 19th centuries), and later spread to other Indian courts, both Muslim and Hindu, and later Sikh.
Hand-colored engraving from 'Moeurs, Usages, et Costumes de tous les Peuples de Monde, d'apres des Documents Authentiques et les Voyages les plus Recents', by Auguste Wahlen (Brussels, 1843-44).
Sri Lanka holds many Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim and Christian festivals throughout the year. The full moon day each month is celebrated by Buddhists as <i>poya</i>, and on these days no alcohol is sold with the exception of a few tourist enclaves. Most Hindu and Moslem festivals also follow the lunar calendar.
The Mughal era is a historic period of the Mughal Empire in South Asia (mainly Northern India, North Eastern Pakistan and Bangladesh) that was ruled by members of the Timurid Dynasty. It ran from the early 15th century to the early 18th century when the Mughal emperors' power dwindled. It ended in several generations of conflicts between rival warlords.
Betel is the leaf of a vine belonging to the Piperaceae family, which includes pepper and kava, and is native to South and Southeast Asia. It is valued both as a mild stimulant and for medicinal properties and as an antiseptic. The betel leaf is usually coated with lime, wrapped around the betel nut and chewed.
Commonly known as Rana Sanga, the Rajput Maharana Sangram Singh (born April 12, 1484) was the ruler of Mewar, which was located within the geographic boundaries of present-day India's modern state of Rajasthan. He ruled between 1509 and 1527.<br/><br/> A scion of the Sisodia clan of Suryavanshi Rajputs, Rana Sanga succeeded his father Rana Raimal as king of Mewar in 1509. He fought against the Mughals in the Battle of Khanwa, which ended with Mughal victory, dying shortly thereafter, on March 17, 1527.