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Thailand: Padaung (Long Neck Karen) women eating noodles in a village near Mae Hong Son, northern Thailand. The Padaung or Kayan Lahwi or Long Necked Karen are a subgroup of the Kayan, a mix of Lawi, Kayan and several other tribes. Kayan are a subgroup of the Red Karen (Karenni) people, a Tibeto-Burman ethnic minority of Burma (Myanmar).
The dish consists of yellow egg noodles and red pork and is served either as a soup or dry with broth as a side dish. In addition to the basic ingredients, coriander, scallions, fried garlic and fried pork skin are added. Fine tuning of the dish is done by the customer himself. Tables at street stalls usually have pre-prepared peanut shavings, vinegar with chilli, chilli flakes, fish sauce and sugar to be added to taste.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
The food of Northern Thailand, like the language, traditional dress and architecture, is quite distinct from that of Bangkok and central Thailand.<br/><br/> Northern Thai cuisine differs from central Thai cuisine in that it is clearly influenced by the traditions of neighbouring Burma, Laos and Yunnan. To begin with, the staple is not <i>khao suai</i>, the soft, fragrant boiled rice of the central plains so familiar to Westerners. Instead, the Khon Muang prefer to eat <i>khao niaw</i>, or glutinous sticky rice. This is steamed, served in tiny wicker baskets, and eaten with the fingers along with a selection of spicy dips and curries.
The food of Northern Thailand, like the language, traditional dress and architecture, is quite distinct from that of Bangkok and central Thailand.<br/><br/> Northern Thai cuisine differs from central Thai cuisine in that it is clearly influenced by the traditions of neighbouring Burma, Laos and Yunnan. To begin with, the staple is not <i>khao suai</i>, the soft, fragrant boiled rice of the central plains so familiar to Westerners. Instead, the Khon Muang prefer to eat <i>khao niaw</i>, or glutinous sticky rice. This is steamed, served in tiny wicker baskets, and eaten with the fingers along with a selection of spicy dips and curries.
The food of Northern Thailand, like the language, traditional dress and architecture, is quite distinct from that of Bangkok and central Thailand.<br/><br/> Northern Thai cuisine differs from central Thai cuisine in that it is clearly influenced by the traditions of neighbouring Burma, Laos and Yunnan. To begin with, the staple is not <i>khao suai</i>, the soft, fragrant boiled rice of the central plains so familiar to Westerners. Instead, the Khon Muang prefer to eat <i>khao niaw</i>, or glutinous sticky rice. This is steamed, served in tiny wicker baskets, and eaten with the fingers along with a selection of spicy dips and curries.
Nha Trang is a coastal city and capital of Khanh Hoa province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. Historically, the city was known as Kauthara under the Champa. The city is still home to the famous Po Nagar Tower built by the Champa. Being a coastal city, Nha Trang is a centre for marine science based at the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute.
Nha Trang is a coastal city and capital of Khanh Hoa province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. Historically, the city was known as Kauthara under the Champa. The city is still home to the famous Po Nagar Tower built by the Champa. Being a coastal city, Nha Trang is a centre for marine science based at the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute.
Nha Trang is a coastal city and capital of Khanh Hoa province, on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. Historically, the city was known as Kauthara under the Champa. The city is still home to the famous Po Nagar Tower built by the Champa. Being a coastal city, Nha Trang is a centre for marine science based at the Nha Trang Oceanography Institute.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
The Keystone View Company was a major distributor of stereographic images, and was located in Meadville, Pennsylvania.<br/><br/> From 1892 through 1963 Keystone produced and distributed both educational and comic/sentimental stereoviews, and stereoscopes. By 1905 it was the world's largest stereographic company.
<i>Nem nướng</i> can be eaten alone as an appetizer or snack, and dipped in Nước chấm (dipping sauce), or with a peanut dip. Nước chấm is fish sauce diluted with water and flavored with sugar, lime juice, chopped raw garlic, chopped fresh bird's eye chili (Thai chili)/cayenne pepper, and sometimes with vinegar. The peanut sauce is made of peanut butter and hoisin sauce, flavored with fish sauce and crushed garlic, topped with crushed roasted peanut. It is served with fresh vegetables such as lettuce, julienned pickled vegetables like carrots and white radishes, and fresh herbs like mint and basil.
Khao soi is a curry broth popular throughout northern Thailand, and believed to have been introduced from Yunnan and Burma by Haw Chinese caravaneers. Perhaps because of this, and perhaps because most Haw are Muslim, it is quite unusual to find pork khao soi—generally the most common meats used are chicken or beef.<br/><br/>Visitors to Chiang Mai may best experience this culinary delight during the day at one of the city's many noodle restaurants serving khao soi (for some reason khao soi is not considered an evening dish). Served with flat egg noodles, coconut milk, fresh lime, pickled cabbage and chopped red onions, optional additions include thick soy sauce, fried chilli paste and fish sauce.
Khao soi is a curry broth popular throughout northern Thailand, and believed to have been introduced from Yunnan and Burma by Haw Chinese caravaneers. Perhaps because of this, and perhaps because most Haw are Muslim, it is quite unusual to find pork khao soi—generally the most common meats used are chicken or beef.<br/><br/>Visitors to Chiang Mai may best experience this culinary delight during the day at one of the city's many noodle restaurants serving khao soi (for some reason khao soi is not considered an evening dish). Served with flat egg noodles, coconut milk, fresh lime, pickled cabbage and chopped red onions, optional additions include thick soy sauce, fried chilli paste and fish sauce.
Khao soi is a curry broth popular throughout northern Thailand, and believed to have been introduced from Yunnan and Burma by Haw Chinese caravaneers. Perhaps because of this, and perhaps because most Haw are Muslim, it is quite unusual to find pork khao soi—generally the most common meats used are chicken or beef.<br/><br/>Visitors to Chiang Mai may best experience this culinary delight during the day at one of the city's many noodle restaurants serving khao soi (for some reason khao soi is not considered an evening dish). Served with flat egg noodles, coconut milk, fresh lime, pickled cabbage and chopped red onions, optional additions include thick soy sauce, fried chilli paste and fish sauce.
The Tonlé Sap (Large Fresh Water River or Great Lake) is a combined lake and river system of major importance to Cambodia.<br/><br/> The Tonlé Sap is the largest freshwater lake in South East Asia and is an ecological hot spot that was designated as a UNESCO biosphere in 1997.<br/><br/> The Tonlé Sap is unusual for two reasons: its flow changes direction twice a year, and the portion that forms the lake expands and shrinks dramatically with the seasons. From November to May, Cambodia's dry season, the Tonlé Sap drains into the Mekong River at Phnom Penh. However, when the year's heavy rains begin in June, the Tonlé Sap backs up to form an enormous lake.<br/><br/> The Tonlé Sap is home to many ethnic Vietnamese and Cham communities, living in floating villages around the lake.
The Tonlé Sap (Large Fresh Water River or Great Lake) is a combined lake and river system of major importance to Cambodia.<br/><br/> The Tonlé Sap is the largest freshwater lake in South East Asia and is an ecological hot spot that was designated as a UNESCO biosphere in 1997.<br/><br/> The Tonlé Sap is unusual for two reasons: its flow changes direction twice a year, and the portion that forms the lake expands and shrinks dramatically with the seasons. From November to May, Cambodia's dry season, the Tonlé Sap drains into the Mekong River at Phnom Penh. However, when the year's heavy rains begin in June, the Tonlé Sap backs up to form an enormous lake.<br/><br/> The Tonlé Sap is home to many ethnic Vietnamese and Cham communities, living in floating villages around the lake.
Northern Thailand has inherited the culinary legacy of the once powerful Lan Na Kingdom, with ties to neighbouring Burma and the Chinese province of Yunnan. One noteworthy feature is the widespread use of tomatoes in curries and other cooked dishes – elsewhere in Thailand the tomato is usually seen as a salad vegetable.<br/><br/> Distinctive dishes include <i>khao soy</i> – a succulent noodle dish introduced by Muslim caravaneers from China. Wheat noodles are served in a chicken or beef broth with an accompaniment of chopped red onions, pickled cabbage, fresh lime and soy sauce. <i>Nam phrik ong</i> – minced pork with tomatoes and chillies, almost like a Bolognese sauce. Not to be missed is <i>kaeng hang lay</i> – curried pork with ginger and peanuts, often served at weddings and other celebrations. Another favourite is the spicy Chiang Mai sausage, made with <i>naem</i>, or preserved pork. Served with a tray of peanuts, fresh ginger and chilli peppers, Northerners consider this to be an ideal <i>kap klaem</i>, or accompaniment to drinks – usually whisky and soda with plenty of ice.<br/><br/> Visitors to Chiang Mai can sample local cuisine at a northern Khantoke dinner – elegantly served on a low table, usually to the accompaniment of traditional Lan Na dancing.
Luang Prabang was formerly the capital of a kingdom of the same name. Until the communist takeover in 1975, it was the royal capital and seat of government of the Kingdom of Laos. The city is nowadays a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Tacuinum (sometimes Taccuinum) Sanitatis is a medieval handbook on health and wellbeing, based on the Taqwim al‑sihha تقويم الصحة ('Maintenance of Health'), an eleventh-century Arab medical treatise by Ibn Butlan of Baghdad.<br/><br/> Ibn Butlân was a Christian physician born in Baghdad and who died in 1068. He sets forth the six elements necessary to maintain daily health: food and drink, air and the environment, activity and rest, sleep and wakefulness, secretions and excretions of humours, changes or states of mind (happiness, anger, shame, etc). According to Ibn Butlân, illnesses are the result of changes in the balance of some of these elements, therefore he recommended a life in harmony with nature in order to maintain or recover one’s health.<br/><br/> Ibn Butlân also teaches us to enjoy each season of the year, the consequences of each type of climate, wind and snow. He points out the importance of spiritual wellbeing and mentions, for example, the benefits of listening to music, dancing or having a pleasant conversation.<br/><br/> Aimed at a cultured lay audience, the text exists in several variant Latin versions, the manuscripts of which are characteristically profusely illustrated. The short paragraphs of the treatise were freely translated into Latin in mid-thirteenth-century Palermo or Naples, continuing an Italo-Norman tradition as one of the prime sites for peaceable inter-cultural contact between the Islamic and European worlds.<br/><br/> Four handsomely illustrated complete late fourteenth-century manuscripts of the Taccuinum, all produced in Lombardy, survive, in Vienna, Paris, Liège and Rome, as well as scattered illustrations from others, as well as fifteenth-century codices.
The Tonlé Sap is a vast lake in Cambodia’s central northwest, surrounded by a fertile plain. The Sap River runs from the lake’s southeastern end to join the Mekong in Phnom Penh, some 100km (63 miles) distant.<br/><br/> During the dry months, roughly between November and May, the lake is at its smallest, though it still covers 2,500 to 3,000sq km (965 to 1,160sq miles). When the rains fall, though, from mid-May through October, a unique hydrographic phenomenon occurs. The rising waters of the Mekong cause the flow of the Sap River to reverse. During this period, the Tonlé Sap increases in surface area, sometimes to well in excess of 10,000sq km (3,860sq miles). At its lowest most of the lake is less than 2m (6.5ft) deep, and can resemble a marsh criss-crossed by navigable channels, but when at its fullest, its depth increases to as much as 14m (45ft), and it gains up to 70km (44 miles) in width.
The Great Leap Forward (simplified Chinese: 大跃进; traditional Chinese: 大躍進; pinyin: Dà yuè jìn) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China (CPC), reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization, and collectivization. Mao Zedong led the campaign based on the Theory of Productive Forces, and intensified it after being informed of the impending disaster from grain shortages.<br/><br/> Chief changes in the lives of rural Chinese included the introduction of a mandatory process of agricultural collectivization, which was introduced incrementally. Private farming was prohibited, and those engaged in it were labeled as counter revolutionaries and persecuted. Restrictions on rural people were enforced through public struggle sessions, and social pressure.<br/><br/> The Great Leap ended in catastrophe, resulting in tens of millions of excess deaths. Estimates of the death toll range from 18 million to at least 45 million.<br/><br/> In subsequent conferences in 1960 and 1962, the negative effects of the Great Leap Forward were studied by the CPC, and Mao was criticized in the party conferences. Moderate Party members like Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping rose to power, and Mao was marginalized within the party, leading him to initiate the Cultural Revolution in 1966.
The hills around Bac Ha are home to ten separate minorities, including Dao, Giay, Nung and Tai, but the most distinctive and colourful are the Flower (Flowery) Hmong. From before dawn they converge on Bac Ha’s dusty town centre and, especially, the concrete market. Goods sold and exchanged include fruit and vegetables of every description, fresh meat and wild orchids.