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Totoya Hokkei (1780-1850) was a 19th century Japanese artist of the <i>ukiyo-e</i> style. Born as Iwakubo Tatsuyuki in Edo, Hokkei started as a fishmonger before becoming an artist. He became Hokusai's first and eventually one of his most renowned students, developing a light and simple design influenced by his master.<br/><br/> He would experiment with various styles and genres, producing a large body of work in woodblock prints, book illustrations and paintings. He had various artist names, such as Aiogazono, Aiogaoka and Kyosai. He made at least eight hundred <i>surimono</i> prints, and over a hundred book illustrations.
The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was the first great war of the 20th century which grew out of the rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea.<br/><br/> The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden, the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea. The resulting campaigns, in which the Japanese military attained victory over the Russian forces arrayed against them, were unexpected by world observers. As time transpired, these victories would transform the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage.<br/><br/> The embarrassing string of defeats inflamed the Russian people's dissatisfaction with their inefficient and corrupt Tsarist government, and proved a major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Japan: Short-lived Second Brother Ruan Xiaowu or Tanmeijiro Gen Shogo, one of the 'One Hundred and Eight Heroes of the Water Margin', underwater holding a rope, with a sword in his other hand. Woodblock print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi (1797-1863), 1827-1830. The Water Margin (known in Chinese as Shuihu Zhuan, sometimes abbreviated to Shuihu, known as Suikoden in Japanese, as well as Outlaws of the Marsh, Tale of the Marshes, All Men Are Brothers, Men of the Marshes, or The Marshes of Mount Liang in English, is a 14th century novel and one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Attributed to Shi Nai'an and written in vernacular Chinese.
In Japanese mythology, the tide jewels-- individually, the kanju (干珠?, lit. '(tide-)ebbing jewel') and manju (満珠?, lit. '(tide-)flowing jewel')-- were magical gems that the Sea God used to control the tides. Classical Japanese history texts record an ancient myth that the ocean kami Watatsumi 海神 'sea god' or Ryūjin 龍神 'dragon god' presented the kanju and manju to his demigod son-in-law Hoori, and a later legend that Empress Jingū used the tide jewels to conquer Korea.<br/><br/> The fable of Tamatori-hime 玉取姫 'Princess Jewel Taker', which was a favorite ukiyo-e subject of Utagawa Kuniyoshi, is a variation of the Hoori and Toyatama-hime love story. Tamatori was supposedly an ama diver who married Fujiwara no Fuhito and recovered a precious jewel that the Sea God stole.