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This Qur’an from early 14th-century Iraq was commissioned by the Ilkhanid Mongol ruler Oljaitu (1280-1316, r. 1304-1316) in Baghdad in the early 1300s.<br/><br/> It was brought back to Istanbul as a trophy by the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Magnificent (Sultan Suleiman I, 1494-1566, r. 1520-1566) after his victory in the Ottoman-Safavid War (1532-1555).
The page is one of 2,000 similar folios that make up this copy of the Qur’an, which is bound in 30 volumes, one for reading each day of the month.
Temur Khan (October 15, 1265-February 10, 1307), also spelled Timur, was the second leader of the Yuan Dynasty between May 10, 1294 and February 10, 1307, and is considered as the sixth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia. He was a son of the Crown Prince Zhenjin and the grandson of Kublai Khan. During his rule, the Tran, Pagan and Champa dynasties and western khanates of the Mongol Empire accepted his supremacy.<br/><br/> Temur Khan,the third son of Chingem who was the eldest son of Kub lai Khan, was born in 1265, the blue cattle year. In 1294, the blue horse year, he became Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and in 1007, the red sheep year, he passed away.
Temur Khan (October 15, 1265-February 10, 1307), also spelled Timur, was the second leader of the Yuan Dynasty between May 10, 1294 and February 10, 1307, and is considered as the sixth Great Khan of the Mongols in Mongolia. He was a son of the Crown Prince Zhenjin and the grandson of Kublai Khan. During his rule, the Tran, Pagan and Champa dynasties and western khanates of the Mongol Empire accepted his supremacy.<br/><br/> Temur Khan,the third son of Chingem who was the eldest son of Kub lai Khan, was born in 1265, the blue cattle year. In 1294, the blue horse year, he became Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and in 1007, the red sheep year, he passed away.
Oljaitu, Oljeitu or Uljeitu, also known as Muhammad Khodabandeh (1280 - December 16, 1316), was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler in Iran from 1304 to 1316. He was the son of the Ilkhan ruler Arghun, brother and successor of Mahmud Ghazan, and great-grandson of the Ilkhanate founder Hulagu.
Letter from Oljaitu to Philippe le Bel, 1305. The text reads in part: 'Oljeitu Sultan our word. To the Iridfarans (King of France) Sultan. How could it be forgotten that from ancient times all you sultans of the Frank citizens have dealt peacefully with our good great-grandfather (Hulegu Khan), good grandfather (Abaga Khan), good father (Arghun Khan) and good brother (Ghazan Khan), esteeming us near although you are far, pronouncing your various words and sending your ambassadors and gifts of health-wishing... Our nation has been interlocked (peacefully connected) from the land of the Nankhiyas (plural for 'Chinese') where the sun rises to the Talu Ocean (Mediterranean Sea) and our roads have been tied together'.