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Thien Mu Pagoda was built in 1601 CE under Nguyen Hoang, the governor of Thuan Hoa province, now known as Hue. Although he swore loyalty to the Le Dynasty in Hanoi, Nguyen Hoang effectively ruled Thuan Hoa as an independent state in central Vietnam. The pagoda has seven storeys and is the tallest in Vietnam, and is often the subject of folk rhymes and poetry about Hue, which was the imperial capital of Vietnam between 1802 and 1945.<br/><br/> Hue was the imperial capital of the Nguyen Dynasty between 1802 and 1945. The tombs of several emperors lie in and around the city and along the Perfume River. Hue is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The most revered Hindu site in Nepal is the extensive Pashupatinath Temple complex, five kilometres east of central Kathmandu. The focus of devotion here is a large silver Shivalingam with four faces of Shiva carved on its sides, making it a 'Chaturmukhi-Linga', or four-faced Shivalingam. Pashupati is one of Shiva’s 1,008 names, his manifestation as 'Lord of all Beasts' (pashu means 'beasts', pati means 'lord'); he is considered the guardian deity of Nepal.<br/><br/> The main temple building around the Shivalingam was built under King Birpalendra Malla in 1696, however the temple is said to have already existed before 533 CE. In 733 CE, King Jayadeva II erected in its precincts a stone tablet which chronicled all the kings of Nepal, beginning with the sun god. During the Muslim raids of 1349 the temple was largely destroyed, but in 1381 Jayasinharama Varddhana of Banepa restored it. Further renovations were conducted towards the end of the Malla period, and the latest extensive improvements were made in 1967.<br/><br/> Since the temple's inception, all the rulers of Nepal have taken great pains to pay their respects to it, to make donations, and to finance extensions.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/> To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
Thien Mu Pagoda was built in 1601 CE under Nguyen Hoang, the governor of Thuan Hoa province, now known as Hue. Although he swore loyalty to the Le Dynasty in Hanoi, Nguyen Hoang effectively ruled Thuan Hoa as an independent state in central Vietnam. The pagoda has seven storeys and is the tallest in Vietnam, and is often the subject of folk rhymes and poetry about Hue, which was the imperial capital of Vietnam between 1802 and 1945.<br/><br/>Hue was the imperial capital of the Nguyen Dynasty between 1802 and 1945. The tombs of several emperors lie in and around the city and along the Perfume River. Hue is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
The Song Huong (Sông Hương) or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son mountain range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/>To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
George Barbier (1882–1932) was one of the great French illustrators of the early 20th century. Born in Nantes, France on October 10, 1882, Barbier was 29 years old when he mounted his first exhibition in 1911 and was subsequently swept to the forefront of his profession with commissions to design theatre and ballet costumes, to illustrate books, and to produce haute couture fashion illustrations.<br/><br/> For the next 20 years Barbier led a group from the Ecole des Beaux Arts who were nicknamed by Vogue 'The Knights of the Bracelet'—a tribute to their fashionable and flamboyant mannerisms and style of dress. Included in this élite circle were Bernard Boutet de Monvel and Pierre Brissaud (both of whom were Barbier's first cousins), Paul Iribe, Georges Lepape, and Charles Martin.<br/><br/> During his career Barbier also turned his hand to jewellery, glass and wallpaper design, wrote essays and many articles for the prestigious Gazette du bon ton. In the mid-1920s he worked with Erté to design sets and costumes for the Folies Bergère and in 1929 he wrote the introduction for Erté's acclaimed exhibition and achieved mainstream popularity through his regular appearances in L'Illustration magazine. Barbier died in 1932 at the very pinnacle of his success
Styrax benzoin is a species of tree native to Sumatra in Indonesia. Common names for the tree include gum benjamin tree, loban (in Arabic), kemenyan (in Indonesia and Malaysia), onycha, and Sumatra benzoin tree.<br/><br/> Benzoin resin, a dried exudation from pierced bark, is currently produced from various Styrax species native to Sumatra, Java, and Thailand. Commonly traded are the resins of S. tonkinensis (Siam benzoin), S. benzoin (Sumatra benzoin), and S. benzoides. The name 'benzoin' is probably derived from Arabic lubān jāwī (لبان جاوي, 'Javan frankincense'); compare the obsolete terms 'gum benjamin' and 'benjoin'. This incidentally shows that the Arabs were aware of the origin of these resins, and that by the late Middle Ages at latest international trade in them was probably of major importance.
Frankincense has been traded on the Arabian Peninsula and in North Africa for more than 5000 years.<br/><br/> A mural depicting sacks of frankincense traded from the Land of Punt adorns the walls of the temple of ancient Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut, who died in 1458 BCE. The Incense trade route or the Incense Road of Antiquity comprised a network of major ancient trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with Eastern sources of incense (and spices), stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Arabia to India.<br/><br/> The incense trade flourished from South Arabia to the Mediterranean between roughly the 3rd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The Incense Route served as a channel for trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and East African rare woods, feathers, animal skins and gold.
Adverisement for Pachod Freres d'Indochine - Saigon, Hanoi, Haiphong. Saigon, and especially Rue Catinat, was known for its parfumeries.
Frankincense has been traded on the Arabian Peninsula and in North Africa for more than 5000 years.<br/><br/> A mural depicting sacks of frankincense traded from the Land of Punt adorns the walls of the temple of ancient Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut, who died in 1458 BCE. The Incense trade route or the Incense Road of Antiquity comprised a network of major ancient trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with Eastern sources of incense (and spices), stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Arabia to India.<br/><br/> The incense trade flourished from South Arabia to the Mediterranean between roughly the 3rd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The Incense Route served as a channel for trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and East African rare woods, feathers, animal skins and gold.
Abu Yahya Zakariya' ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini (1203-1283) was a Persian physician, astronomer, and geographer from the Persian town of Qazvin. He served as legal expert and judge (qadi) in several localities in Persia and at Baghdad. He travelled around in Mesopotamia and Syria, and finally entered the circle patronized by the governor of Baghdad, ‘Ata-Malik Juwayni (d. 1283 CE).<br/><br/> Al-Qazwini's most famous work was an Arabic cosmography entitled 'Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa-ghara'ib al-mawjudat, or 'Marvels of Creatures and Strange Things in Existence'. This treatise, frequently illustrated, was immensely popular and is preserved today in many copies. It was translated into Persian and Turkish.<br/><br/> Frankincense, also called olibanum (Arabic: lubbān), is an aromatic resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia, particularly Boswellia sacra. It is used in incense and perfumes.<br/><br/> There are four main species of Boswellia which produce true frankincense and each type of resin is available in various grades. The grades depend on the time of harvesting, and the resin is hand-sorted for quality.
The Song Huong or Perfume River rises in an inaccessible region of the Truong Son range and descends through a series of 55 waterfalls before flowing through the heart of Hue and on to the South China Sea. It is not particularly long or large, but it is extraordinarily beautiful, an effect enhanced at Hue by the reflection of the walled citadel, pagodas, towers and temples.<br/><br/> To this may be added the picturesque riverine traffic – women in white mollusc hats scull tiny, single-oared vessels back and forth from bank to bank, while larger boats piled high with vegetables and fish head for Hue’s bustling Dong Ba Market. Great lengths of bamboo tied in swathes are towed downriver, past rattan-roofed houseboats moored mid-stream with wisps of smoke issuing from tiny kitchen areas, and fishermen standing confidently upright in their narrow craft, casting their nets or retrieving fish traps.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
The Thien Thu Pagoda (also known as the Heavenly Kitchen Pagoda) was built in the 18th century.<br/><br/> Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
The Thien Thu Pagoda (also known as the Heavenly Kitchen Pagoda) was built in the 18th century.<br/><br/> Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
The Thien Thu Pagoda (also known as the Heavenly Kitchen Pagoda) was built in the 18th century.<br/><br/> Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Quan Am, a female deity, is an incarnation of the male Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara, whose teachings crossed the Himalayas from India more than two millennia ago. Somewhere in Chinese Central Asia or Tibet he became transformed into a goddess, and is now beloved as Quan Am in Vietnam, Guanyin in China, and Kannon in Japan. The Thien Thu Pagoda (also known as the Heavenly Kitchen Pagoda) was built in the 18th century. Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
The Thien Thu Pagoda (also known as the Heavenly Kitchen Pagoda) was built in the 18th century.<br/><br/> Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Chua Huong or ‘Perfume Pagoda’ is not just a single building, but a complex of around 30 Buddhist shrines and temples extending for some distance along the right bank of the Suoi Yen River and high into the limestone hills beyond.
Empress Nam Phương (14 December 1914 – 16 December 1963); born Marie-Thérèse Nguyễn Hữu Thị Lan; later Imperial Princess Nam Phương; was the first and primary wife of Bảo Đại; the last king of Annam and last emperor of Vietnam; from 1934 until her death. She also was the first and only empress consort (hoàng hậu) of the Nguyễn Dynasty.
Empress Nam Phương (14 December 1914 – 16 December 1963); born Marie-Thérèse Nguyễn Hữu Thị Lan; later Imperial Princess Nam Phương; was the first and primary wife of Bảo Đại; the last king of Annam and last emperor of Vietnam; from 1934 until her death. She also was the first and only empress consort (hoàng hậu) of the Nguyễn Dynasty.
The Kingdom of Kush or Cush was an ancient Nubian state centered on the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile and River Atbara in what is now the Republic of Sudan.<br/><br/> Established after the Bronze Age collapse and the disintegration of the New Kingdom of Egypt, it was centered at Napata in its early phase. After King Kashta ('the Kushite') invaded Egypt in the 8th century BCE, the Kushite kings ruled as Pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt for a century, until they were expelled by Psamtik I in 656 BCE.<br/><br/> During Classical Antiquity, the Nubian capital was at Meroe. In early Greek geography, the Meroitic kingdom was known as Ethipia. The Nubian kingdom at Meroe persisted until the 4th century CE, when it fell to the expanding Kingdom of Aksum.
Sarmatian gold perfume flask studded with garnets, 2nd-3rd century CE. Hermitage. Image released to the press in 2009.<br/><br/> The Scythians were an ancient Iranian people of horse-riding nomadic pastoralists who throughout Classical Antiquity dominated the Pontic-Caspian steppe, known at the time as Scythia. By Late Antiquity the closely-related Sarmatians came to dominate the Scythians in the west.
Marie-Therese Nguyen Huu Thi Lan, later Imperial Princess Nam Phuong and Empress Nam Phuong (14 December 1914 – 16 December 1963), was the first and primary wife of Bao Dai, the last king of Annam and last emperor of Vietnam from 1934 until her death. She also was the first and only empress consort (hoang hau) of the Nguyen Dynasty (1804-1945).
The Perfume River crosses the city of Hue in the central Vietnamese province of Thua Thien Hue. In the autumn, flowers from orchards upriver fall into the water, giving it an aromatic smell—hence the name 'Perfume River'. The Perfume River has two sources, both of which begin in the Day Truong Son mountain range and meet at Bang Lang fork. The 30-km river passes the landmarks of the Hon Chen Temple and the Ngoc Tran Temple.
The Perfume River crosses the city of Hue in the central Vietnamese province of Thua Thien Hue. In the autumn, flowers from orchards upriver fall into the water, giving it an aromatic smell—hence the name 'Perfume River'. The Perfume River has two sources, both of which begin in the Day Truong Son mountain range and meet at Bang Lang fork. The 30-km river passes the landmarks of the Hon Chen Temple and the Ngoc Tran Temple.
Frankincense is an aromatic resin obtained from trees of the genus Boswellia; particularly Boswellia sacra. It is used in incense and perfumes.Frankincense has been traded on the Arabian Peninsula and in North Africa for more than 5000 years.<br/><br/> A mural depicting sacks of frankincense traded from the Land of Punt adorns the walls of the temple of ancient Egyptian Queen Hatshepsut, who died in 1458 BCE. The Incense trade route or the Incense Road of Antiquity comprised a network of major ancient trading routes linking the Mediterranean world with Eastern sources of incense (and spices), stretching from Mediterranean ports across the Levant and Egypt through Arabia to India.<br/><br/> The incense trade flourished from South Arabia to the Mediterranean between roughly the 3rd century BCE to the 2nd century CE. The Incense Route served as a channel for trading of goods such as Arabian frankincense and myrrh; Indian spices, ebony, silk and fine textiles; and East African rare woods, feathers, animal skins and gold.