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Masoud Barzani (Kurdish: Mesud Barzanî; born 16 August 1946) is an Iraqi Kurdish politician who has been President of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region since 2005, as well as leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) since 1979.<br/><br/> Masoud Barzani succeeded his father, the Kurdish nationalist leader Mustafa Barzani, as the leader of the KDP in 1979. Working closely with his brother Idris Barzani until Idris' death, Barzani and various other Kurdish groups fought Baghdad during the Iran-Iraq War. For much of this time, the Kurdish leadership was exiled to Iran.
The Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum is a museum in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia. The site is a former high school which was used as the notorious Security Prison 21 (S-21) by the Khmer Rouge communist regime from its rise to power in 1975 to its fall in 1979. Tuol Sleng means 'Hill of the Poisonous Trees' or 'Strychnine Hill'.
The Joint Security Area (JSA) at Panmunjom is the only portion of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) where North and South Korean forces stand face-to-face.<br/><br/> The JSA is used by the two Koreas for diplomatic engagements and, until March 1991, was also the site of military negotiations between North Korea and the United Nations Command (UNC).
Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (2 January 1895 – 17 September 1948) was a Swedish diplomat and nobleman. During World War II he negotiated the release of about 31,000 prisoners from German concentration camps including 450 Danish Jews from the Theresienstadt camp. They were released on 14 April 1945. In 1945, he received a German surrender offer from Heinrich Himmler, though the offer was ultimately rejected.<br/><br/> After the war, Bernadotte was unanimously chosen to be the United Nations Security Council mediator in the Arab–Israeli conflict of 1947–1948. He was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1948 by the militant Zionist group Lehi while pursuing his official duties. The decision to assassinate him had been taken by Natan Yellin-Mor, Yisrael Eldad, and Yitzhak Shamir, who later became Prime Minister of Israel.
Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (2 January 1895 – 17 September 1948) was a Swedish diplomat and nobleman. During World War II he negotiated the release of about 31,000 prisoners from German concentration camps including 450 Danish Jews from the Theresienstadt camp. They were released on 14 April 1945. In 1945, he received a German surrender offer from Heinrich Himmler, though the offer was ultimately rejected.<br/><br/> After the war, Bernadotte was unanimously chosen to be the United Nations Security Council mediator in the Arab–Israeli conflict of 1947–1948. He was assassinated in Jerusalem in 1948 by the militant Zionist group Lehi while pursuing his official duties. The decision to assassinate him had been taken by Natan Yellin-Mor, Yisrael Eldad, and Yitzhak Shamir, who later became Prime Minister of Israel.
Anyuan Miao (Temple of Distant Security) was built in 1764 and is a copy of the now destroyed Ili Temple in Xinjiang.<br/><br/> In 1703, Chengde was chosen by the Kangxi Emperor as the location for his summer residence. Constructed throughout the eighteenth century, the Mountain Resort was used by both the Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors. The site is currently an UNESCO World Heritage Site. Since the seat of government followed the emperor, Chengde was a political center of the Chinese empire during these times.<br/><br/> Chengde, formerly known as Jehol, reached its height under the Qianlong Emperor 1735-1796 (died 1799). The great monastery temple of the Potala, loosely based on the famous Potala in Lhasa, was completed after just four years of work in 1771. It was heavily decorated with gold and the emperor worshipped in the Golden Pavilion. In the temple itself was a bronze-gilt statue of Tsongkhapa, the Reformer of the Gelugpa sect.
De Tham, also called Hoang Hoa Tham (born c. 1860, Yen The, northern Vietnam—died Jan. 10, 1913, near Yen The) was a Vietnamese resistance fighter and enemy of French colonialism during the first two decades of French rule in Indochina.
Located in Phnom Penh, the capital of Cambodia, Tuol Sleng is a former high school which was used as the notorious Security Prison 21 (S-21) by the Khmer Rouge communist regime from its rise to power in 1975 to its fall in 1979. An estimated 17,000 Cambodians, including a great number of women and children, were tortured at S-21 into giving confessions and naming accomplices for so-called crimes against the state. Many of the Khmer Rouge’s own cadres were killed at Tuol Sleng after being purged from the Communist Party. Only seven persons are known to have survived S-21. Tuol Sleng means 'Hill of the Poisonous Trees' or 'Strychnine Hill'. The site is now the Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum.
Shanmugalingam Sivashankar, aka Pottu Amman, joined LTTE in 1981 along with Colonel Soosai, and became second in LTTE's military wing after leader Velupillai Prabhakaran. Pottu Amman was trained at a coastal camp in Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu. He was responsible for training Black Tigers for suicide missions, most notably when former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was killed in 1989. Another attack was against president Ranasinghe Premadasa who was killed when a Black Tiger blew himself up also killing 23 bystanders on May Day 1993. Pottu Amman is also believed to have been in charge of planning the LTTE's covert operations and was the brain behind most of the LTTE's successful military operations. He may have been killed by the Sri Lankan Army at Vellamullivaikkal on May 18, 2009, but his body has never been identified. LTTE image.
China: Wang Xiaohe (1924-1948) arrested and led away by Kuomintang security forces in Shanghai, 30 September, 1948. He was executed the same day. Wang Xiaohe worked at the Shanghai Electric Power Company and was a union organiser and underground member of the Chinese Communist Party. The Chinese Civil War was a conflict in China fought between forces loyal to the Kuomintang (KMT)-led government of the Republic of China, and forces loyal to the Communist Party of China (CPC). The war began in August 1927, with Chiang Kai-Shek's Northern Expedition, and essentially ended when major active battles ceased in 1950.
Vietnam's independence was gradually eroded by France in a series of military conquests from 1859 until 1885 when the entire country became part of French Indochina. Significant political and cultural changes were placed on the Vietnamese people, including the propagation of Roman Catholicism. When Emperor Thanh Thai, who was opposed to French colonial rule, was exiled in 1907, the French decided to pass the throne to his son who was only seven years old, because they thought someone so young would be easily influenced and controlled. The boy emperor, Duy Tan, ruled as emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty from 1907 to 1916 before fleeing from Hue to resist the French.
The Security Council was where the king met his ministers during the era of the Imperial City of Hue. Between 1802 and 1945, Hue was the imperial capital of the feudal Nguyen Dynasty, which dominated much of southern Vietnam. In 1802, Nguyen Phuc Anh (later Emperor Gia Long) succeeded in establishing his control over the whole of Vietnam and declared Hue the national capital. The French administration placed the boy emperor Duy Tan on the throne in 1907, replacing his father Emperor Thanh Thai who was opposed to French colonial rule and sent into exile. Hue remained the Vietnamese capital until 1945, when Emperor Bao Dai abdicated and a communist government was established in Hanoi.
Kang Sheng (c.1898–December 16, 1975), Communist Party of China official, oversaw the work of the People's Republic of China's security and intelligence apparatus at the height of the Cultural Revolution in the late 1960s. He was a close associate of Mao Zedong and remained at or near the pinnacle of power for decades. After his death, Kang Sheng was accused of sharing responsibility with the Gang of Four for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution and expelled posthumously from the Communist Party in 1980.
Kang Sheng (c.1898–December 16, 1975), Communist Party of China official, oversaw the work of the People's Republic of China's security and intelligence apparatus at the height of the Cultural Revolution in the late 1960s. He was a close associate of Mao Zedong and remained at or near the pinnacle of power for decades. After his death, Kang Sheng was accused of sharing responsibility with the Gang of Four for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution and expelled posthumously from the Communist Party in 1980.
Hamid Karzai (24 December 1957 - ) is the 12th and current President of Afghanistan, taking office on 7 December 2004. He became a dominant political figure after the removal of the Taliban regime in late 2001.<br/><br/> During the December 2001 International Conference on Afghanistan in Germany, Karzai was selected by prominent Afghan political figures to serve a six-month term as chairman of the Interim administration. He was then chosen for a two-year term as Interim President during the 2002 'loya jirga' (grand assembly) that was held in Kabul.<br/><br/> After the 2004 presidential election, Karzai was declared winner and became President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. He controversially won a second five-year term in the disputed 2009 presidential election while admitting the elections were flawed.
Huế originally rose to prominence as the capital of the Nguyễn Lords, a feudal dynasty which dominated much of southern Vietnam from the 17th to the 19th century. In 1775 when Trịnh Sâm captured it, it was known as Phú Xuân. In 1802, Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (later Emperor Gia Long) succeeded in establishing his control over the whole of Vietnam, thereby making Huế the national capital.<br/><br/> Huế was the national capital until 1945, when Emperor Bảo Đại abdicated and a communist government was established in Hà Nội (Hanoi), in the north. While Bảo Đại was briefly proclaimed 'Head of State' with the help of the returning French colonialists in 1949 (although without recognition from the communists and the full acceptance of the Vietnamese people), his new capital was Sài Gòn (Saigon), in the south.