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Huang Shen was a Chinese painter during the Qing Dynasty. Huang was born in Ninghua, Fujian province, to a poor family.<br/><br/> He began his training under the painter Shangguan Zhou. In the earliest part of his career he excelled at cursive calligraphy and favored a meticulous style modelled after Ni Zan. He became better known as an artistic innovator who was one of the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. When it came to paintings of people he favored images of religious, historic, and common people. His more famous works include <i>The Drunk Monk</i> and <i>Shepherd Su Wu</i>.
Su Hanchen was a native of Kaifeng, Henan, who specialized in painting Buddhist and Taoist figures. During the Xuanhe era (1119-1125) under Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song, he was a Painter-in-Attendance at the imperial academy.<br/><br/> After the court moved south, Su resumed in his position there, and, in the early Longxing era (1163-1164) of Emperor Xiaozong, he was praised for his Buddhist paintings.<br/><br/> Su Hanchen was a master of observation and description who knew that children at play are in a state of natural ease. His ability to capture the spirit and appearance of such children made him the most renowned painter in this genre.
In 960, Song Taizu helped reunite most of China after the fragmentation and rebellion between the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907 and the establishment of the Song dynasty. He established the core Song Ancestor Rules and Policy for the future emperors. He was remembered for his expansion of the examination system such that most of the civil service were recruited through the exams. He also created academies that allowed a great deal of freedom of discussion and thought, which facilitated the growth of scientific advance, economic reforms as well as achievements in arts and literature.<br/><br> The Song Dynasty (960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907–960) and preceded the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368), which conquered the Song in 1279. Its conventional division into the Northern Song (960–1127) and Southern Song (1127–1279) periods marks the conquest of northern China by the Jin Dynasty (1115–1234) in 1127. It also distinguishes the subsequent shift of the Song's capital city from Bianjing (modern Kaifeng) in the north to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou) in the south.